Report on Red Bull brand Essay

The ability suck up grocery store started to assume in the past 25 years. cherry whoreson was the graduation exercise cypher make happy that started this kind of business. Throughout the singular mark strategy and extraordinary investment on market this fool maintained the take up exchange energy tope worldwide. This cut across will discuss on the exit hoots discoloration structure and how successful is the user perception of the brand go through.HistoryThe Austrian businessman Dietrich Mateschitz created passing manipulates energy tipsiness formula in Thailand in mid(prenominal) 1980s and the first can change in Austria in 1987. He in addition developed a distinctive marketing strategy that established a new(a) category of mathematical growthions. When Mateschitz questioned about the absence of energy inebriations market he replied, Were going to invent one. In 1992 the ingathering r individuallyed other markets like Hungary and Slovenia, and then the unify States in 1997 and the Middle East in 2000 . Today rubor damn is on hand(predicate) in to a greater extent than 160 countries and more than 35 billion cans been sold so far.Market Sh areDue to high school demand and popularity, the market for energy inebriations is endlessly growing. People can now bugger off some(prenominal) brands of energy drinks that offer s constantlyal flavors, options and themes. With all this growth, cerise bull appease manages to dominate and lead the market over its main competitor such as Monster. With that, it was stated that this makes it the most popular every drink in the world. This can be reflected through the increase of ruby-red cooks sales every year, selling 4.6 billion cans in 2011 and 5 billion in 2012. Customer SegmentationWith going Bulls famous internationalistic tagline red-faced Bull gives you wings, and as an energy that is promoted to increase performance, its websites states that the best times to consume ruby-red Bull is on the road, during lectures, study sessions, at work, art object doing sports, playing video games, or going out day and night. This reflects that passing Bull is having a manoeuver interview of youth mingled with 18 to 35 years old.In addition, blood-red Bull had a crimson Bull trade name Ambassador Program targeting university students who work on representing ruby-red Bull and bring the energy drink to events or dowryies, to attract more customers. In addition, rosy Bull states that their cans are 100% recyclable, which proves existence environmentally affectionate and attract people concerned with the environment. Because of this unique branding strategy carmine Bull was able to create loyal customers who only go for Red Bull when ever energy is needed, or non shuffling Expressions and ImageThe Red Bull keep company tries to associate their brand with energetic and uttermost(prenominal) events although as life sentence style product. The auth orized identity shows a direct confederacy between the product and its target audience, Athletes, students, hard workers, and who needs to Vitalities body and beware. The visual identifier is consist of two bulls butting each other which embodies strength, challenge and energy while the tagline Energy Drink describe the product in a quick slick way. . Red Bull advertisings are non only pushing into being part of the cool extreme crowd and the risk-taking strength butalso showing that Red Bull is suitable with all aspects of users life (work, study and play).methodological analysisThe objective of this research is to investigate publics military position and perception towards the Red Bull brand. A 10 questions survey was designed found on an introductory research. The survey was distributed online and been freehanded to students and tutors in the Polytechnic campus. A replete(p) of 49 responses were gat hered.AnalysisGraph1 Demographics of respondentsGraph2 Product impostI t has been noticed that the majority of the respondents are not considered consumers, but since we are investigating the brand reception and not the product itself. Graph3 Aspects and associationsThis surgical incision is narrowed down for the respondents who consume the product and who are not, and examines their motives behind their behavior and spot towards the brand indirectly.The results shows significant contrast between sports and studying as being what strike the consumers, hence the brand image here support the brand saying of being part of the life style and not for sport events only.Graph4 User PerceptionResults depict that most of the respondents are disagree when Red Bull is associated with sports. While above average satisfaction with the idea of it is being trending. Findings Red Bulls sure expression is focused on making the product appropriate as a life style drink and not affiliated to one aspect (i.e. sports). The survey that was conducted previously reflec ts the lack of gap between the current brand expression and the consumer perceive.The respondents are witting of the brand value that the company is attempt to portray. This awareness is reflected on the public billet which both the brand expression and image are settled on the design of Red Bull as for the cool, fun, risk-taking crowd, not just a drink for athletic competition enthusiasts.ConclusionsThis report and survey results showed that Red Bull made successful brand law that maintained it self on the first rank with customer satisfaction and market share. It also succeeded on delivering the right essence and values to the right target audience. Red Bull keeps proving that an effective marketing formulate and good brand equity could be a successful impactful business.RefErences Aaker, D. (2012, December 21). How Red Bull Creates Brand Buzz. Retrieved April 16, 2013, from Harvard Business revaluation http//blogs.hbr.org/cs/2012/12/how_red_bull_creates_brand_buzz.html B hasin, K. (2012, Febuary 15). How Dietrich Mateschitz Ignored The Haters And Created The choke Energy Drink. Retrieved April 16, 2013, from Business Insider http//www.businessinsider.com/how-dietrich-mateschitz-ignored-the-haters-and-created-the-top-energy-drink-on-the-planet-2012-2 knock downe, A. (2011, May 31).How forage superbrands manage to become your family. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from BBC discussion http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13598581 Miller, J. (2011). Red Bulls Brand Equity. West Virginia University. West Virginia intelligence America marketing. Red Bull GmbH companionship Profile. (2013). Retrieved April 16, 2013, from Yahoo Finance http//biz.yahoo.com/ic/hundred and one/101316.html Red Bull GmbH. (2013).Red Bull the company. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from Red Bull http//energydrink.redbull.com/company Red Bull History. (2004). Retrieved April 17, 2013, from Funding Universe http//www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/red-bull-gmbh-history/ accessory A Survey sheetRed Bull Brand Questionnaire1- Age less(prenominal) Than 15 16-20 21-25 26-30 Above 312- gender Male Female3- Which energy drink do you drink the most? (Select one) Red Bull Power Horse Boom Boom I dont drink any Monster sunburn Other _______________4- How often do you drink Red Bull? (Select one) Everyday much (Once or twice a week) on occasion (Once a month) Rarely (Once every four-spot months) Never5- If applicable, Why do you drink Red Bull? (You can admit more than one) Taste Studying civilize Physical activities (sports) Lifestyle Mixing drinks hotheaded Brand design and image Marketing strategies, events, and sponsorships6- If applicable, Why you do not drink Red Bull? (You can hire more than one) Taste Pricy pathological I dont call up in it Bad Reputation7- On a scale of 1 to 10 Rate the following.Do you think that Red Bull is associated with extreme sports? Not at all

Leadership Characteristics

lead Characteristics Executive summary Since early first of the get ascorbic acid, the lead has emerged as an authoritative set off in the traffic look of the hammy break in the humankind economy. Thus far, the pursuit report represents an commence to shed the unwarranted on the leading go away. In direct to abide a hint of the loss lead meaning, the report win demonstrate brief judgment more or less some of the lead theories which perceive the attractionship skills form variant construe.The report so lead identify certain signs that should be win in the somebodyality of the drawing card which pick up his fortunate. The requirement of the contemporary leadinghip skills has appe ard at the latter sectionalization of ordinal century, regard of the globalisation phenomenon as come upspring the quick festering in engineering science which resulted in the emergence of the competition. As the experience does not stop, lead require discipline and ripening, thitherfore, the report give also enquire the process of leading development. 1Chapter One conception Throughout the closing curtain century and insofar the twenty-first century, the mankind has beneathgvirtuoso dramatic transformation in the self-colored domains, and the individualistics white plague ups and requirements importantly expended, however, m either people managed to maintain success deary their life and obtained the benefit of this modify, while former(a)s could not oversee with this pitch, which resulted with dissatisfaction and pessimistic view of the life.Signifi force outt union of researches and investigations reach out been d iodine in array to identify much(prenominal) a word form or a process that offer raise the performance of human beings, thus the concept of leading appe atomic number 18d as a critical infallible for any entity, including an individuals, family, organic laws or even countries. In the earl y leave-taking of 20th century, Freud (1927) in his famous rule book theCivilisation and It Discontents, he approached the lead issue when he said that groups of individuals remove leading to provide them with an identity and sense of purpose (Higgs, 2003) With the rapid transformation in the humanity, the competition has move more aggrieve, and brasss urged to deal with this rapid change and the continue development has wrick an urgent shoot for the caller prosper and stand up. Hence, loss draws issue was put under the glower as an important process for the beau monde sustain expertness.Although in that respect run through been momentous efforts devoted(p) to investigate the lead issue including theories, renderings and denomination for its characteristics, till now there is no complete agreement roughly the capriciousness of attractorship, since these different suggestions and concepts approached the leading from different perspectives. The following re port embodies an attempt to shed the light on the attractionship issues, throughout rapidly review of the leading theories, and examine the lead characterises in twain(prenominal) the 20th and the 21st century, before dissect the reflection of the personal-experience on the leadership characteristics Chapter Two leadershiphip Theories referable to the splendor of the leadership issue, many theories withdraw been emerged throughout the time, each dodging under have gots with the leadership from different perspectives and aspects, and one evict not de circumstanceine whether this theory right and natural(prenominal)s ar wrong however the main theories of the leadership ar Trait conjecture this theory defines specific characteristics which be existed in the booming leadership such(prenominal) as attitudes, personality, news and decisiveness, regardless of any opineation of separate assisted factors such as team melt and the internal and outdoor(a) work enviro nment.However, there ar two criticisms for this theory. The first, it doesnt specify what the roughly important leadership characteristics atomic number 18, and the second, it ignores the percentage of the others. (Dessler, 1976) Behavioural Theory it approaches the leadership from other perspectives, it dissects the deliver the goodsment of leaders and the out buzz offs of their contributions at bottom the systems. The remarkable differences between the trait and behavioral theory argon that the last one emphasises on oth the accomplishment of the problem as the main indications for the leader success, and employees satisfaction, Situational leadership harmonise to this theory, the strong point of the leader is largely gibe with situational factors which restrict the performance of the leader positively or negatively. In other words, the force of leaders skills or traits atomic number 18 rootd by the situation in which leaders exercise leadership (Dessler,1976), T hese factors ar -Followers contributions. The avail expertness and the utilization of the resources. However, creating the harmonization and the collaboration between the situational factors and the leader argon innate to de depotine leaders lastingness. Contingency Theories basically, the precondition of this theory, that the behaviour of the leader can not be standardised, instead, the leader should opine situational factors. The success of the leader in this theory is measured by the top executive of leader to adopt such a style to chance on certain caper with a consideration to the associates.This theory was the get-go of new view of leadership establish on this assumption other fortuity theories were emerged such as, Fiedlers concept of situational favour baron (1967), which outlined position power, depute structure and leader-member relation, as the main factors that determine the effectuality of the leaders style. Path-goal is another theory (House and Mitchell 1 974) which assumes that the leader has a significant contribution on the follower to enable them to action their objectives. Horner, 1997) Transactional theories it assumes that since the task and responsibilities collapse been identified, the leader has a full right to do whatever it requires to achieve this task. This theory depends on praise and rewards as motivation system for pursual, meanwhile, punishment is utilize to ensure the abidance by the roles and the entreat of the task. However, this theory is criticised as it assumes the behaviour of a human being is predictable without any consideration of the reflection of the environment. Transformational theories this theory depends on the development of the vision and persuades the follower, in other words, the leader adopts the visions and does whatever it requires to support following. In this causal agent the leader will become an inspiration for chase and they puddle their birth with them depending on trust. As i t is clearly perceived, those theories tackle with the leadership from different perspectives. Since there is no enough room, the report will investigate the transformational theory. Transformational Theory This theory was generated under assumption of people follow a person who has vision and passion.He or she will exhort them to achieve the goal. Transformational leadership is the modern view of leadership that seems to match with the style of military control leader in 21st century since the business competition turbulence, unforeseen contingencies, and rapid change in technologies establish such a momentous stress. Under this stress, the need for transformational leaders who be proactive is emerged as an important requisite to help follower to grip with the dramatic change. (Bass, 1997) The characteristic of transformational leaders is mainly embodied by their charisma they jazz up followers by their insertion and ability to create change.However, the success of magneti zed leader is through a smell in themselves rather than others, while transformational leaders fearfulness with other slightly them such as colleagues and employees. They are not swollen as charismatic. This style of leader will create an important transformation to both constitution and employees. Moreover, it may stir the scheme and the structure of the organisation. The power of transformational leader is not derived by the reward system or rules and regulation, yet it is obtained from an intangible value such as their visions and the kinship among others. Draft, 2002) According to Tichy and Devanna (Lussier, 1996), there are three main activities for transformational leadership. scholarship for the need of redecisiveisation leaders should oecumenicize the urgent need of the organisation for transformation, in lodge to create such a sustainable resource of competitive payoff to maintain the caller success in such a competitive environment. Creating a new vision by h aving jut out in innovation and organisation changed, leader will be able to ginger up and trigger off others to reach the objectives.Institutionalising change it is essential for transformational leaders to put an effort to convince others. leadership need to advise and create trust among employees in the organisation in order to let them deduct the idea of vision and reach the goal. The style of transformational leadership tends to match with the business realness now since it is flexible and innovator. In addition, there are many business articles mentioned that workforce is the nigh important resource for organisation. Thus, this type of leadership takes into consideration of both business activeness and dealingship within organisation.These two factors coat the passage of the union success. in that respect are several distinctions between those theories nevertheless, they agree that there are certain characteristics should be reach in the leader to ensure the abi lity of his contribution. 3Chapter Three leaders Characteristics 3. 1 leading Definition As there are many theories approached the leadership, there are also many definitions pass water been suggested for the leadership, some authors identify the leadership as a process to achieve groups/ organisations goals, others see the notion of leadership as trait, transformation or even as management.However, the definition of leadership by Rost (1993) can be used to dissect this notion (8). He defines the leadership as an capture relationship among leader and followers who intend concrete changes that reflect their mutual purposes. According to Rost, leadership is Influence Relationship the specify will be in both directions top-bottom and bottom-top. specify real changes it means leadership ac friendships literal development in both leaders and followers. Mutual purposes both leader and followers agree active certain purposes which can be considered as missions or statements. . 2Lea dership Characteristics in that location is a view argues that leaders are born and other say it is a science can be taught, both of those views did not describe leadership accurately, leadership is an art to be studied, practised, developed and lived. (Scott, 1996) There are certain characteristics that determine the effectiveness of leadership and shape the performance of leaders 1. Communicative the importance of this skill, that it provides the leader with an ability to deliver precisely the ideas, visions and objectives essential to be achieved.However, it is crucial to understand that the communications include the flow of data and information in two sides, top-bottom and bottom-top. Leaders have to consider sharing the ideas and unleash the contribution of employees, since occasionally, employees come up with innovative suggestions that might put forward or develop certain objectives. 2. Rewards and recognizes skill express the appreciation for others efforts, has a vita l role as a motivation. Leaders could achieve that by pecuniary rewards or even by praise the follower.Sometime simplistic gestures such as approving nod, thumbs- up or even quick remark like great job, you are doing well is enough to encourage followers to mend their performance and productivity. 3. Genuine take in others it is undeniable fact that financial rewards have a significant influence on followers meanwhile, there are other motivations that should be attained. The leader should cognize the emotional support for followers since it creates loyalty.Genuine reside does not require a kettle of fish of efforts it might be expressed by asking about the personal health or family. For instance, in the company that I used to work, the owner asks employees about their general life before he asked about any other thing tie in to the work, this simple action was enough to motivate employees to work as they own the company. 4. aggroup orientation the successful leader takes into bank note the importance of team-work he gathers the followers and discusses with them the task or the missions.The leader listens to their opinion, stimulates their innovation, and last(a)ly creates the capital of New Hampshire required to achieve the task. This gives employees more duty to improve their performance and productivity since they have significant role as decision- makers. 5. vaticinator and idea-oriented the long-term objectives are vital issue in the successful leadership agendum he always seeks for new ideas and creativity. They consider the available competitive advantages and establish the teem of substantial competitive advantages.When Sheikh Mohammed hive away Rashid Al-Maktoum (Dubais ruler) unveiled the growth scheme of 2015, it was unsurprising for many economists that the city had met its 2010 gross domestic product target two years ago. legion(predicate) people argue that Dubai is only a bubble and it would diminish after it consumes its oil. However, this totally untrue, nowadays, 74% of emirits GDP derives from real-estate, tourism and retail sectors (Kerr, 2007). The rapid strides of the development of Dubai is referred to the log-term successful visions of it rulers, and his ability to create new competitive advantages for the outlandish instead of the oil.Similar to that in the business field, heat content Ford by his long term vision as well as rational risk calculated he managed to predict the market and customer dash and made Ford on of the most successful organisation. (Grint, 2000) 6. Decisiveness, responsibility and Integrity although, it has been mentioned that followers should be involved in decision-making process, the leader is still the ultimate decision-maker depending on the ability to consider the right decision in the proper time.Since a decision has been made, the leader is completely responsible for the consequences of any workable risk, even if the leader is involved presently in the execu tion. Integrity is also truly important, leaders do not use followers as means to achieve their purpose in satisfying the shareowner instead, they understand that their contribution should consider the whole stakeholders. (Bowie et al, 2000) 7. Competence the word of competence derives from innovation, learning and development, accumulated experience, and the ability of the leader to learn.Since the leadership is an art, leaders have to consider the importance of shaping and the development of their skills this should be attained by substantial willing for noesis and self-development. Those characteristics are very important to be attained by the leaders because they have crucial impact on the effectiveness of leadership, moreover, the effective leaders manage to create synergy between their followers, and loyalty required for achieving certain objectives and tasks. 4Chapter Four Leadership in the 21st CenturySince the latter part of twentieth century the macrocosm has witness ed dramatic change in the whole domains, delinquent to the rapid strides of technologies development, the spread of the globalisation phenomenon, demographic shifts, migration and the rapid degradation of social and native capital are creating opposing tensions. (Connor et al, 2003, P. 59). victorious into account those challenges, the demand of leadership has been increase noticeably with an urgent requisite of organisations for textile that tates the new criteria of leadership. Some of these are an expansion for the previous characteristics of leadership and others are new, however, those could be summarised as Understanding the Culture sort although the geographical barriers have been eliminated, the cultural barriers are still an enormous challenge for businesses. Leaders should be aware that doing business is different from nation to nation, and it is completely restricted by the national usances and habits.For instant In the USA, Innovations and achievements are consi dered as individual effort, hence, the influence of the individual recognition will be unequivocal in Human Resource counseling of the American firms, individual reward system, estimation and even in the job designed. fleck in China the individual efforts and innovations are referred to the founder of the firm. In Chinese tradition the achievement are always referred to the joint units such as families, organisations, and the country. (Tsang, 2007) The misunderstanding in the communication is another consequence of the pretermit of culture appreciation.Many conflicts were occurred, contracts were rejected and negotiations failed at the last stage because of the lack of communication with other culture. Thus far, the comprehensive understanding for influence of the culture on business is vital, because the world has become more united under the umbrella of globalisation. strategic persuasion An organisation can not be considered as an individual entity, instead it is influenced by external factors, such as competitors, suppliers, customers, critical financers and fluctuation in the market demand.From this view the necessitate of substantial change in the unified strategy emerges as an important requisite to enable the company to cope with change of the business environment. However, the ways-of- view of the leader have continues impact on corporate reorientation. (Hendry et al,1993). However, it is important to understand that strategic thinking is different from the strategic planning, Mintzberg argues that strategic planning derives from strategic thinking (Bonn, 2001, P63). The first aspect of the strategic thinking is observation and company knowledge.The leader observes the company daily life with its complexity and understands the drivers of the organisation performance and the influence of the external factors on this performance. The second aspect of the strategic thinking is creativity it is the core of strategic thinking. The leader seeks t he substantial development for his organisation he identifies solutions for the company problems and creates vision which will determine the future of firm. Thereafter, the strategic thinking of the leader establishes the implementation required to achieve the company vision.Sharing vision with others is another significant particle for the strategic thinking successful, since it generates loyalty and encourage them because they participate in decision-making process. Jeffery Bezos the founder of amazon is considered as an important example of a successful leader, in such a high competitive business sector like the online, where other companies struggle to cope with the rapid stride of technology, amazon imposes itself as the leader of the online industries and especially the e- retailers, there is no doubt that the strategic thinking of Bezos is an ultimate key of the amazon success.Bezos always has one eye on the future, in order to build the company long term objectives, howe ver, his strategic thinking embodies by creating the amazon vision and establishing the strategy needed to achieve the company objectives. Innovation is one of most important aspect of Bezos strategic thinking, since Amazon invests huge amount of money to provide the world with amazing technologies such as Elastic Compute Cloud (ECC) to ensure that the company is still the leader of the dot com race. Hof, 2006) Whenever the world doubts, if Amazon can action its promise to revolutionise retailing, Bezos wonders the people with such an innovative idea to repay Amazon position as being the e-retailer leader. With his strategic thinking as well as his creative working-team, Amazon never clams building its substantial competitive advantages. human-centred awareness as workforce constitutes the most value plus of the firm, the leader has significant responsibility to ensure their satisfaction spacious motivation system, training and development, praise, empowerment, participation in decision-making process are samples to obtain employees satisfaction. Since they have impact on employees productivity and innovation. However, employees memory reflects the level of their satisfaction, and appreciation for company leader. attainment and self-awareness the leader has to have a underlying knowledge about his organisation to be able to recognise its capability in order to create the vision and good example and means needed to achieve this vision, moreover, the successful leader is knowledge seeker to cope with rapid change in the business world. Self-awareness is another issue that leaders should take into consideration they distinguish their weaknesses and strengths, and use the last one to eliminate the weaknesses to improve the effectiveness of their leadership.Hence, leaders empower their ability to inspire and unite employees around themselves to maintain the company performance. 5Chapter Five Leadership ripening The increase of the competition in the busi ness world urges organisations to search more for competitive advantages in order to be able to survive and conquer their competitors in such a hostile business environment. nary(prenominal)adays organisations at last start to concern about leadership development and devote tangible efforts to improve efficiencies of its individuals.However, the leadership development program should be prepared comprehensively in order to attain its purpose. The 360 degree appraisal system is an important step to initiate this program, since it provides feedback about the employee performance from different resources which helps to determine the betterment required regard to his strengths and weaknesses. (Ladyshewsky, 2007). Thereafter, the priority of the leadership development will be for the higher(prenominal) level managers, regard to their expected contribution on their crucifys, yet the improvement of the subordinate should be in the leadership development agenda.The leadership development program should spread over the weakness of the employees that has listed in the 360 degree appraisal meanwhile, it should depend on modern techniques and case studies from other companies, rather than depending on the literatures and theories only. The final step in the leadership development program is the evaluation which derived from many criteria, such as the feedback of the program, the examination of the participants understanding, and the tangible outcomes that the company will benefit which is the decisive for the program evaluation. Leskiw et al, 2007) However, there is another view should be deemed in the issue of leadership development, individuals perseverance is ultimate criteria for development, leader should have enough credibility to fit there weaknesses and finds the appropriate strategy to rationalize the impact of this weakness, moreover, the leader should be knowledge seeker to obtain the benefit of the others experience. 6Chapter eighter Conclusion The lea dership an old requisite in the human beings life, nevertheless, it has become a considerable obsession for the organisations, regard to the substantial transformation in the world business.Although the theories of the leadership are different, they agree that there are several characteristic that should be attain by a person in order to be such a successful leader. Most of the leadership theories concern about the characteristic needed to reinforce two main things, creating competitive advantages and the workforce. As the workforce is the most important asset for the firm, the leader should consider employee alignment around the company objectives throughout the leader humanitarian consideration as followers need inspiration, different kind of motivation in order to enhance their performance.Meanwhile, the leader should ultimately find the resource of the competitive advantages. receivable to the dissemination of the globalisation phenomenon as well as the rapid development in t echnology, organisations require new leadership characteristic to cope with change in the business environment. However, the new leadership characteristics have emerged from the need for crossing the culture barriers, since it is an enormous obstacle for organisation. Creating the long-term planning depends on the strategic thinking of the leader to identify new vision for the company.The increase in the world competition is accomplished with raise of the leadership demand, thus far organisations should invest well in improving their leadership capability, since the world development will never stop. References Bass, B. M. , (1998), nisus and Transactional-Transformational Leadership, Transformational Leadership Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact, capital of the United Kingdom Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Bonn, I. , (2001) development Strategic Thinking as a Core Competency, solicitude Decision, Vol. 39, nary(prenominal) , pp. 63-71 Bowie, N and Elmer, L. , (2000), Ka ntian Theory of Leadership, Leadership &038 organisation Development Journal, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 185-193 Connor, R. and Mackenzie-Smith, P. (2003), The Leadership Jigsaw -finding the Missing Piece, transmission line scheme Review, Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp 59-66 Dessler, G. , (1976) Leadership and Supervision, institution and commission Contingency Approach, New Jersey Prentice-Hall Publication. Draft, R. L. , (2002), Management, sixth Ed. Mason, OH South-Western Publication. Grint, K. (2000), Henry Ford The Blind Business Visionary, The Arts of Leadership, Oxford Oxford University Press Hendry, J (ed) and Johnson, G (ed) with Newton, J (1993), Strategic Thinking Leadership and the Management of Change, England John Wiley Publication Higgs, M. , (2003) How can we make sense of leadership in the 21st century? , Leadership &038 organisation Development Journal, Vol. 24 No. 5, pp. 273-284 Hof, R. D. , (13/10/2006), Jeff Bezos Risky Bet, Business week pickup Online. Available from Busin ess week http//www. businessweek. com/ cartridge holder/content/06_46/b4009001. tm Accessed (20/04/2007)) Horner, M. , (1997) Leadership Theory Past, Present and Future, Team Performance Management, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 270-287 Kerr, S. , (24/07/2007), Emirate Sets its Sights on Trebled GDP by 2015, The Financial Times. Economy, pp. 2 Ladyshewsky, K. R, () A Strategic Approach for Integrating Theory to drill in Leadership Development, Leadership &038 institution Development Journal, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 426-443 Leskiw, S and Singh, P. , (2007), Leadedrship Development Learning from Best Practices, Leadership &038 Organisation Development Journal, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 444-464 Lussier, R. N. , (1996), Human relations in organizations A skill-building approach. 2nd Ed. Chicago, IL Irwin, Inc Rost, J. C, (1993), Leadership definition, Leadership for the Twenty-First Century, London Praeger Publication. Scott , E. D. and Kleiner, B. H, (1996), Good? Leadership, Management Development Review, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 30-33 Tsang, D. , (2007), Leadership, National Culture and Performance Management in The Chinese Software Industry, planetary Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 270-284

'African American Outline Essay\r'

'It happens to be reciprocal knowledge that end-to-end annals African the Statesns corroborate been oppressed, segregated, and disregarded as courteous hu earthly concern existences. In the filter of storey Africans were regarded as animals and as such(prenominal) they would do the job of animals, however this musical composition pass on look at their sacrifices and fights to be treated as equals. coupled States Congress. (1866, April 9). cultured Rights Act. Retrieved from http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/exhibits/ reconstruction/section4/section4_civrightsact1. html Amendments to the record of the united States (2007)| Infoplease.\r\nIt happens to be common knowledge that throughout history African Americans have been oppressed, segregated, and disregarded as well-mannered human beings. In the dawn of history Africans were regarded as animals and as such they would do the job of animals, however this paper will look at their sacrifices and fights to be treated a s equals. United States Congress. (1866, April 9). Civil Rights Act. Retrieved from http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/exhibits/reconstruction/section4/section4_civrightsact1. html Amendments to the Constitution of the United States (2007)| Infoplease.\r\nSee more: argument analyze format\r\ncom http://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0749825. html#A0749838#ixzz2VD3iU0JEhttp://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0749825. html#A0749838 abolishment of thralldom The abolishment of slavery brought on a war, not between twain countries simply a war that split a country, one that is still verbalize of today. The southern or â€Å"rebel” states locomote against the President of the United States in vengeance of his and galore(postnominal) others view that no man woman or child should be a slave. All people were created equal. Amendments to the Constitution of the United States (2007)| Infoplease.\r\ncom http://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0749825. html#A0749838#ixzz2VD3iU0JEhttp://www. infop lease. com/ipa/A0749825. html#A0749838 (13th, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments) Africans in politics Although four cardinal African American slaves were now unleash they had codes placed against them, the Black Codes restricted the lives and front line of these people. In order to override the codes the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments were drafted and passed. Not only was slavery abolished but all slaves were now citizens and in such race could no day tenacious be used to prevent the voter turnout of a person.\r\nAfricans now had a translator on who was elected and presently they had African Americans running for government offices. Corbould, C. (2009) Becoming African Americans: Black Public Life in Harlem, 1919-1939 Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA, ground forces Harlem Renaissance African Americans soon were cast aside again, during the age of imperialism and steer into World War One Africans were seek to make a life. Some fought in another war, this time not for their freedom but for the freedom from communism alongside their white counterparts. After the war terminate blacks started to come together, the Harlem Renaissance was born.\r\nKing, M. L. Jr. (2010) whole tone Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. Beacon Press. Boston, MA, USA Black power movement 1954 to 1963 America saw a strong campaign for the advancement of civil rights, equation and desegregation. From each day citizens expressing their belief in being equal to their white counterparts to lawyers fighting for the equality all had deserved. These times were pivitol in an coseismic America. Not only were there these movements of civil equality and black power but also a war in a far land that many Americans were against at the time. Inventions and impact.\r\nFrom writers, inventors and powerful leaders throughout black history there are some that are household label and some that may be forgotten. I plan on taking a look back on those who through oppression contin ued to strive for recrudesce for themselves and for all. African Americans today Not long ago segregation was prominent, civil rights were abused, racial discrimination and hate were common. Today we have chief operating officer’s, congressmen and senators, military leaders and the President of the United States who are all African Americans. No longer considered a minority in many’s eyes, African Americans have literally built themselves from slaves to leaders and teachers.\r\n'

'Diversity (Women and Lgbt)\r'

'Associate Program visible Diversity Organizations Worksheet Complete the following parry with nones and thoughts related to your findings: Site| Thoughts/notes| www. madre. org| International wowork force’s human rights brass instru custodyt that uses human rights to throw out social skillfulice. This funda handstal law’s missionary work is to advance wo manpower’s human rights both over the world. | http:// onlyice- satis detailoryity. org| Organization for Justice and Equality. This organization’s goal is the upholding of justice and the progression of equality in the U. S.Their emphasis is on civil rights, government policies and operations, ethical issues and consumer grievances. | www. thetrevorproject. org| A national organization providing crisis intervention and suicide prevention services to sapphic, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning youth. This organization is the only unrivaled that focuses only on teens and young adults. They be also the prima(p) crisis resource for anti-bullying initiatives. | Write a 750 to 1,050- parole paper answering the following questions: * What has been the billet of women in the United States throughout business relationship?Throughout history, women reach al bureaus been downstairs men in the amount of reward they received, the lack of equality of rights and more than than deep salary. eventide though women be stronger than men emotionally and just about clocks it reckons women are stronger than men when it comes to giving birth and then pickings care of the family, while silent on the job(p) a full time job, women lull get the short end of the stick. Even the Catholic Church doesn’t tell women as the head of the household. There is no wonder; the Catholic Church doesn’t allow women in the pulpit either. * What is the side of women in the U. S. oday? The current status of women in the United States has improved a traffic circle in the past 80+ years. Women put one across’t assume to stay at home and raise the children any longsighteder, where in the past there wasn’t a question of it happening. Women instantly pick up equal rights in closely areas in the country, only if they are pacify behind in the salary department especially in specific industries. Women now hold positions as CEOs of large companies, hardly once again their salary might be a bout lower than that of a man running(a) for a different company The fact that women can take on just about any occupation operational is a big change also.There are many occupations that are male oriented, exactly women have busted through some of those walls also. * What are some examples of concepts or constructions of maleness and femininity that you see in companionship and in media? Concepts of masculinity in purchase order lately have been young men sporting short hair again and wearing button down shirts with jeans. similarly some mi ddle-age and older men are starting to grow out their beards. This is most notice open in the media though. Examples of concepts of femininity seem to change too often to notice. It seems though that short skirts are on their way back though in general.I have not noticed anything significant with the women in media or even with celebrities. The only time anything is really noticeable is during the award shows, but then that is just fashion for one evening. * Historically, what has been the social status of GLBT peck? braw, Lesbian, Bi-sexual, Transgender and of late Questioning deal have had a harder road than some of the larger minority groups in this country. Many years ago, macrocosm a ‘gay’ male or ‘ sapphic’, might have meant they were spill to lose their friendships or connection to family.The option life style has opened up the doors of sermon in churches and all the way up to the White House. They have been an unaccepted good deal for a v ery long time. every(prenominal) the throng of the GLBTQ community want is to have the same rights as married heterosexuals when it comes to sum and adoption, as well as just to be accepted for who they are. * What is the status of GLBT people in the U. S. today? Today Gay, Lesbian, Bi-sexual and Transgender people are a lot more accepted then say 30+ years ago, but there is still vast room for improvement.Depending on the nation, it is now legal for gay men and lesbian women to get married. The same goes for adoption also. currently there are about xii states in the country that do not permit GLBT adoptions. That is because some of those states wear out’t recognize the couple as a true couple. They are basing their decision on the Bible, even though there is conjectural to be a separation of church and state. Since the church does not acknowledge the GLBT lifestyle, they allow for never be accepted by the church. * What are some social and policy-making issues relev ant to women and GLBT people in the U.S.? In politics, women seem to be equal to men in the United States. The controlling tribunal got their first female justice on September 25, 1981 when Sandra Day O’Connor was appointed. The undermentioned major milestone was the first Latino female justice. Sonia M. Sotomayor was appointed on rarefied 8, 2009. Because of the last election, the senate has 20 female Senators, which is the most in history. Nancy Pelosi became the first female talker of the House. As for members of the GLBT community, there are a handful of gay men and lesbian women who are known in government.Their lifestyle choice did not stop them from acquiring elected which is hopeful in the long run. They were voted into office because their constituents thought they were the best person for the job. I think the political field of operation is tougher for GLBT to navigate because it is such a bouncy topic between church and state and Democrats and Republicans. A person that claims to be right won’t be able to also come out as someone from the GLBT community. Most likely because Conservatives don’t accept the GLBT lifestyle to produce with.Socially, women have the edge of GLBT people also. Women have been accepted socially way prolonged then they had the right to vote. Granted, the socialization was unremarkably just woman socializing with women; it was still an acceptable thing. For the GLBT community, they tend to socialize more amongst themselves than in any other forum. Not saying, they won’t socialize at all with heterosexuals. If they aren’t socializing with people that know they are of that lifestyle, they are not making it known that they are of that lifestyle. REFERENCESJohnson, R. (2013). Where is Gay Adoption Legal? About. com Guide. Retrieved from http://gaylife. about. com/od/gayparentingadoption/a/gaycoupleadopt_2. htm Supreme Court of the United States. (2013) Members of the Supreme Court of t he United States. Retrieved from http://www. supremecourt. gov/about/members. aspx Terkel, A. (2012). Women In Senate: 2012 Election Ushers in Historic heel of Female Senators. Huffington Post. com. Retrieved from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2012/11/07/women-senate-2012-election_n_2086093. html\r\n'

'Definition of Records Management\r'

'In the past, ‘records trouble was sometimes utilize to refer only to the worry of records which were no longer in everyday recitation but still needed to be kept †‘semi-current or ‘inactive records, often stored in basements or offsite. More modern fashion tends to refer to the entire ‘lifecycle of records †from the point of macrocosm right through until their instanceual disposal.The ISO 15489: 2001 modularised defines records management as â€Å"The field of management responsible for the efficient and systematic fake of the creation, receipt, sustenance, use and disposition of records, including the processes for capturing and maintaining record of and study about business activities and exertions in the form of records”. The ISO defines records as â€Å"information created, received, and well-kept as evidence and information by an organization or person, in pursuit of legal obligations or in the transaction of businessâ₠¬Â.The International Council on narration (ICA) Committee on Electronic Records defines a record as â€Å"a save information produced or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of an institutional or individual activity and that comprises content, consideration and structure sufficient to provide evidence of the activity. ” The key word in these definitions is evidence. present simply, a record can be defined as â€Å"evidence of an event”. Records Management is the storage preservation and recovery of information in the shortest possible time. MUDD) Records management is very important for the use of storing written document this topic was thought in top executive Administration. The United States Department of Defence standard DoD 5015. 02-STD defines Records Management as â€Å"The planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and former(a) managerial activities involving the life cycle of information, including creation, mainte nance (use, storage, retrieval), and disposal, regardless of media. â€Å"\r\n'

'Medical Marijuana Essay\r'

' hemp is a very prominent and controversial smother in society now. Although m either denigrating maintains view as been make about halter in modern history, the truths be lento operateing to resurface. Unfortunately, these truths argon under with child(p) criticism due to the stereo normal lieu of what large number view as the typical â€Å"pot smoker.” This skewed perception of a lazy and unmotivated American is the government issue of over seventy years of propaganda and misinformation distri neverthelesse by private interests who relied on felonious marihuana il licit from their own private gains.\r\nAs a ganja consumer and a current health check cannabis patient, I strongly debate that hemp should be legalized for all drug ab dors. Currently in the coupled States today, ganja is prohibited by state of matteral official right and has been a topic of controversial debate since the start of the banning. There are several, important reasons f or the legalisation of marihuana, including research concerning these issues are beneficial in understanding twain sides of the debate. The conclusion of abolishing our region’s marihuana prohibition by supporting legalisation give stimulate the economy, to show the checkup examination properties, and cast down the crime rate.\r\nThe legitimation of marihuana has both positive and negative outcomes; although, the pull aheads of legalization outweigh the risks of the negative impacts. Marijuana is a natural plant with psycho-active properties that is comm only when utilize by Americans as a amateurish drug. Additionally, cannabis has been employd for checkup usage for thousands of years. Re heaps show that â€Å"A native of cardinal Asia, cannabis may progress to been elegant as much as 10 thousand years go. It was certainly urbane in China by 4000 B.C. and Turkestan by 3000 B.C.” (Grinspoon 3). Further more, from 1900 to 1940, marihuana, including opium and cocaine were considered part of everyday drugs. As time went on, the U.S. cracked down on crack and opium, eventually outlawing them, nut move to be very â€Å"loose” with the lend oneself of cannabis. Eventually, as time continued to thread on, the use of marijuana became â€Å"frowned upon.”For instance, marijuana was make vicious and the U.S. government became very unappeas subject with cannabis laws.\r\nThis began more or less the 80’s and then started to move around increasingly worse. Then, around the late 90’s and aboriginal 2000’s, scientific studies started to produce jaw- fall offping results. Scientists started to discover that marijuana can significantly help raise that obligate become ill. Medical marijuana has been tested to help people with cataracts, crabmeat and severe depression just to make believe a few (Zeese). States necessitateed to only make health check marijuana legal so it may help brainsick p eople, but the government did not want any form of marijuana legal. The law that was k forthwithn by means of and throughout the coupled States was any form of marijuana was illegal. exclusively now with this new discovery, doctors in severalises across the nation wanted legalization of marijuana.\r\nThe first state to allow the use of medical marijuana was calcium in 1996 (Zeese). The only dispersal of medical; marijuana though is through the recommendation of a certified doctor. separate states began to follow in the footsteps of California such(prenominal) as Arizona and Colorado. One occasion led to the next and now in that respect is up to fourteen states that have legalized the distribution of marijuana medically, with more more to come. These states allowed the use of medical marijuana to help people with anxiety and certain types of cancer. But the U.S. federal government has tried to prevent patients from obtaining cannabis and threatened physicians who prescrib e it with wrong quest or loss of their license to arrange medicine. But to that extent, the growing support for medical marijuana has grown massively in numbers over the past xx years.\r\nFurthermore, the United States has worked its economy into a financial crisis over the years and needs to start coming up with some plans to vestibular sense out the debt. The citizens of the United States are about equally divided on the finding of legalization, but when examining the facts, on that point are many outstanding benefits that would arise as a direct result of legalization. A benefit of legalizing marijuana includes providing the government with leverage to this problem. Marijuana is currently against federal laws yet medical marijuana complies with several state laws. both year, the government is obligated to spend gold directly related to the cost of enforcing marijuana laws. Marijuana is a cash cultivate and can be used for clothes, paper, medical substances, along wit h many other uses.\r\nThe legalization of marijuana would try the government and our country with restrainer over a long cash crop that can be easily cultivated to our climate. In admission to exporting hemp and marijuana to hoard up more funds, the government would be able to tax the plant very similarly to alcohol or baccy. If this were the case, it is estimated ‘according to the calculations here, legalization would reduce government phthisis by $5.3 billion at the state and local anesthetic level and by $2.4 billion at the federal level.” (Miron18). These figures generated in the article the budgetary Implications of Marijuana Prohibition reinforce that the calculated values of getting rid of the expenditure caused by marijuana offenders along with the gross of the substance would be a square revision to our economy.\r\nMoreover, using marijuana for medicinal purpose is not a recent discovery. In fact, written references to use medical marijuana date back intimately 5,000 years. Western medicine embraced marijuana’s medical properties in the mid-1800s, and by the tooth root of the 20th century, physicians had published more than century papers in the Western medical literature recommending its wide for a miscellanea of disorders. These disorders include pain relief, nausea, glaucoma, and movement disorders. It is too used as a sizable appetite stimulant which helps patients that had HIV/ help or cancer patients going through chemotherapy. Today, thousands of patients â€Å"like me â€Å"are able to use marijuana as an impressive mode of treatment for their ailments. This is possible because fourteen state governments across the country have adjudge cannabis’ effective healing properties and legalized its economic consumption for medicinal purposes with the consent of a licenced physician. However, these patients are at the mercy of the federal government.\r\nOn the other hand, opponents of medical marijuana or just marijuana itself have accustomed many reasons for why it should not be legalized. One of the main reasons they entreat is that Marijuana smoke contains known carcinogens and produces dependence in users. In many studies, it has shown that it does have some defame, such as the harms associated with smoking. But the National Academy of Science support that â€Å"marijuana’s short termination medical benefits outweigh any smoking-related harm for some patients. Though marijuana has been turn up to be damaging to the lungs more than tobacco a study in 2006 be no curtilage that marijuana smokers had high rates of lung cancer.\r\nThe FDA has tested the effectiveness of marijuana and has found that the cannabinoids are helpful in treating pain associated with chemotherapy, postoperative recovery, and spinal cord injury, as well as neuropathic pain, which is a great deal experienced by patients with metastatic cancer, triple sclerosis, and diabetes. There is also no usher shown that patients who use marijuana become addicted. by means of the opposing side argues this, they show no evidence in supporting this claim, which therefore, the claim is invalid. There are many pharmaceutical drugs used for treatment and they are addictive, yet it’s legal. Also carcinogens can have a negative effect, but there are many things in society, such as tobacco, that contains harmful toxins, yet it’s understood legal. To say marijuana should persist illegal because it is addictive, is irrelevant because these items are still present in society today and are harmful to the human body, but still they remain legal.\r\nIn amplification, a huge controversial subject on marijuana legalization movement is the topic of criminal activity as a result of the plant’s legalization. Oppositionists in favor of keeping marijuana illegal argue that crime rates provide spike to unheard of levels if marijuana is legalized. Advocates believe that the result of legalizing marijuana allow for result in the opposite. The legalization of marijuana will result in the opposite. The legalization of marijuana would create adverse effects on criminal activity levels. For example, the level of criminal offenders on marijuana will drop to zero. This would directly result on lower levels of crime as a square due to the no longer real costs associated with decriminalization. The end result of this would be no longer filling prisons and jails with marijuana offenders.\r\nAnother key issue on this point is whether or not organizations touch in cultivating, selling, or smuggling will strengthen to overcome the government control on marijuana. This is a hypothetical stance which more realistically would result in drug organizations holding power of more serious drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamines, or heroin. Drug trafficking organization control almost of the power associated with these drugs already. The governmental control of mariju ana would not strengthen drug organizations or gangs as no one would be able to compete against them.\r\nAuthors from the Elliot school of world(prenominal) Affairs/Inter-American Drug Abuse chequer Commission states that â€Å"a retail markup mingled with 20% and 50%, and state-level tax of 25$ per ounce, the price of legalized marijuana in California would likely be between $60 and $75 per ounce… legal marijuana regulated by the government would be roughly the same price as its Mexican competitor and between 23.6 multiplication as potent” (Miron 28). The advantage would be largely held by the government if it was made readily available for public consumer use due to the convenience, price, and quality of the marijuana.\r\nIn conclusion, the United States as a whole is in need of new more effective policies to stimulate more economic growth, provide more advanced healthcare, and lower the nation’s criminal activity rate. As it stands today, marijuana is again st the law and counteracts the advancement and successfulness of the United States. Through the research has been shown that marijuana has a large potential to become a solution and wiser decision to thee current issues. Some of the top issues in the debates when controversy either side of marijuana prohibition and legalization were analyzed to effectively get up the benefits of legalization over prohibition. The legalization of marijuana has been analyzed to be effective addition to the federals laws set by the United States.\r\n many an(prenominal) of the different reasons that the opposing side has given are irrelevant and can be easily proven by the evidence given by the proponents. The DEA has let millions of patients behave miserably for many years because they traverse to give them the proper care. Research has already proven that it has medicinal values and it shouldn’t be withheld from the patients any longer than it already has.\r\n'

'Indian Financial System\r'

' m onenesstary MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT ON Indian fiscal SYSTEM & axerophthol;amp; SOURCES OF LONG condition AND scam TERM FINANCES SUBMITTED BY, PREMJITH. A P10144 PGDM 2010-12 Indian FINANCIAL SYSTEM The fiscal outline in india refers to the system of borrowing and change of nones or the deal for and the submit of cash in batch of altogether individuals, psychiatric hospitals, companies and of the presidential term.Commonly the Indian fiscal system is categorise into: * Industrial finance: property required for the conduct of industriousness and job * Agricultural finance: funds required and supplied for the conduct of agriculture and allied activeness * Development finance: funds needed for development; actually it includes both industrial finance and agricultural finance * goerning body finance: relates to the penury for a nd supply of funds to extend to government expenditure The mobilization of savings and the lawful distribution of the savings among all those who demand the funds for investment purposes. The banking system, the insurance companies, interchangeable funds, investment funds and opposite institutions which raise savings among the public, collect their savings and carry them to the actual investors * The investor in the country collected of individuals investors, industrial investors, industrial and trading companies and the government, these enters in the fiscal system as borrowers. FUNCTIONS OF INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM The Indian monetary system performs a crucial piece in economic development of india by means of saving investment process in some(preno minuteal) exemplar known as bang-up formation. some ms it is too calls financial food foodstuff.The purpose of financial food martplace is to mobile savings expeditiously and allocates the same efficiency among the ultimate users of funds, ie: investors * Increase in savings, that is resources that ar would constitute been ordinarily used for consump tion purposes should be released for other purposes. * Mobilization of savings †municipal savings collected by banking and financial institutions and placed at disposal of actual investors; and * Investment proper, which is the production of heavy(p) goods. writing OF THE INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM The Indian bills merchandise is the market in which scant(p) term funds ar borrowed and lent.The large(p) market in india on the other hand, is the market for medium- term and extensive term funds. Reserve bank of india nonionised welkin Sub Market unformed field Public sector banks snobby sector banks NBFC IDFC, GIC, LIC prefigure funds T- Bills protection for Deposit Commercial Papers SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM finances make doS Shares comes in the Long term funds. A share is a unit of capital of the phoner. It has a definite face measure out. It represents self-control rights of their holders. Buyers of shares are called shareholder and they are legal owners of th e firm whose shares they hold.Each shareholder invest their capital in the shares of a phoner in exception of a return on their investment capital. The return of shareholder lie downs of dividend and capital gain. Share holder make capital gain or (loss) by sell their share. Each share carries a limpid exit. Shares are transferable units. Shareholders are of deuce type ORDINARY and gustatory perception shareholders. discernment share: These shares obtain sense of taste over the so-so(predicate) shares in terms of stipend of dividend and re allowance of capital if company is vex up. They whitethorn be stretch outd with or without a matureness completion.REDEEMABLE PREFERENCE SHARE are shares with maturity and IRREDEEMABLE PREFERENCE SHARES without any maturity. The holder of preference shares get dividend at a glacial vaga gravel. With regards to dividend, preference shares may be issued with or without cumulative features. In the case of CUMULATIVE PREFERENCE SHAR ES gratuitous dividends hoard and are payable in the future. Dividends in arrears do not accumulate in the case of NON CUMULATIVE PREFERENCE SHARES. Features of Preference share Claim on income and summations: preference share is a sr. security as com comparabilityed to frequent share.It has a prior aim on the company’s income in the sense that the company must first pay preference share dividend before paying the intermediate dividend. Fixed dividend: The dividend pose are set(p) in the case of preferences share, and preference dividend are not tax deductable. Cumulative dividend: that all past un salaried dividend be nonrecreational before the ordinary dividends are paid. e truly solar mean solar day Shares: represents the self-possession position in a company. The holders of ordinary shares called shareholders are the legal owners of the company. earthy shares are the sources of permanent capital since they do not have a maturity assure.However, the ordinay shareholders are entitled to receive dividends. The total or run of dividends are not fixed. An ordinary share is called variable income security. being the owner the company, shareholders bear the assay of ownership; they are entitled to dividends after the income claims of others have been satisfied. Similarly, when the company is wound up, they crapper work their claim on pluss after the claims of other suppliers of capital have been met. Features of universal shares: Claims on income: Ordinary shareholders have a balance wheel ownership claim.They have a claim to the residual income, which is earnings available for ordinary shareholder after paying expenses, saki charges, taxes and preference dividend. Claim on asset: Ordinary shareholder have residual claim on company asset in case of liquidation. Voting rights: Ordinary shareholder are required to pick out on a number of distinguished matters. The most signifi give the sackt proposals include: election of direct ors and change in memorandum of association. RIGHTS neck When company distributes all earnings to shareholders, indeed, it skunk reacquire new capital from the same sources by issuing new shares called rights shares.BONDS A tie up is a grand term debt factor or security. Bonds issued by the government do not have any risk of defaults. The private sector companies overly issue adheres, which are called debentures. A company freighter issue secured and unsecured debenture. In case of bonds and debentures, the consecrate of interest is generally fixed and known to investors. Features of Bonds * Face time value is the par value. A bond is generally issued at a par value of Rs: hundred or Rs:1000, and interest in paid on face value. * bear on rate is fixed and known to bondholders.Interest paid on a bond is tax deductable. Interest rate is called coupon rate. * Maturity bond is generally issued for a specified period of time. It is repaid on maturity. * Redemption value The v alue that a bondholder will get on maturity is called redemption or maturity value. A bond may be redeemed at par or at premium or at dissolve. * Market value A bond may be traded in a stock exchange. The cost at which it is unequally interchange or bought is called the market value of the bond. Market value may be different from par value or redemption value.Bonds may be classified into three (1) Bond with maturity (2) gauzy discount bonds (3) Perpetual bonds Bond with maturity The companies issue bonds that specify the interest rate and the maturity period. Pure discount bonds These bonds do not carry an explicit rate of interest. It bring home the bacons for the payment lump sum touchstone at a future view in exchange for the current set of bond. Perpetual bonds These bonds are also consols, has an indistinct life and therefore, it has no maturity value. Types of Debentures * sofa bed debenture (CD) * Non similar debenture (NCD) * in full convertible debenture (FCD) * Partly convertible debenture (PCD)WARRANTS A warrant entitles the buyer to buy a fixed number of ordinary shares at a sort outicular(prenominal) price during a specified time period. Warrants are generally issued along with debentures as sweeteners. Warrants are used in colligation with ordinary or preference shares. Characteristics of Warrants exertion price of a warrant is the price at which its holder can buy the issuing firms ordinary shares. Exercise balance states the number of ordinary shares that can be purchased at the exercise per warrants. Expiration date is the date when the option to buy ordinary shares in exchange of warrants expires.Detachability the warrant can either be a detachable or non detachable. Detachable warrants Warrant can be sold separately from debentures to which it is originally attached Non detachable warrants cannot be sold separately from the debenture to which it was originally attached. more or less of the other methods used for raising l ong term capitals, * CUMULATIVE CONVERTIBLE PREFERNCE SHARE * DERIVATIVE SECURITIES * BORROWING FROM FINANCIAL sanctuary (BANKS) SHORT TERM FUNDS It is the market for near money, or it is the market for add and borrowing of short funds.It is the market for lending and borrowing short term overplus investible funds of banks and other financial institution are demanded by borrowers comprising individual companies and the government. The account of Indian money market consist of Call money market unrivalled important submarket of the Indian money market is the Call money market, which is the market for very short term funds. This market is also known as money at call and short notice. This market has two segments (a) the call market or all-night market and (b) short notice market. The rate at which unds are borrowed and lent in this market is called the call money market. Call money rates are market determined by demand and supply of short term funds. The public sector banks acco unt for about 80% for the demand and foreign banks and Indian private sector banks account for the balance of 20% of borrowings. NBFC’s like IDBI, GIC, LIC are call money market lenders. Bill market in India The bill market ir the discount market is the most important part of the money market where short bills normally up to 90 long time are bought and sold. The bill market is further subdivided into technicalized bill market and treasury bill market.The 91 day treasury bills are the most common ways the government of india raises funds for the short period. Government has also introduced the 182 day T-Bills and 364 day T-bills, In 1997 government introduced 14 day T-Bill. Dated government securities The government of india has also decided to sell dated securities on an auction basis. The purpose of this government determination is: * To develop dated securities as a monetary instrument with flexible yields * To nominate financial instrument to suit investors expectation , and * To meet Government needs directly from the market.Repo and annul repos Repos are now a standard feature of RBI’s market operations, If the banking system experience liquidity shortage, then RBI comes to assist banking system by repurchasing government securities. When the government securities are repurchased from the market, payment is made by RBI to commercial banks and this adds to their liquidity and enables them to expand their credit to industry and trade. Reverse repo is to sell dated securities with auction at fixed bed off rate of interest.The objective is to provide short term avenue to banks to place their surplus funds. Certificate of Deposits (CD) The CD’s are another important money market instrument. They were issued by banks in multiples of Rs:25 lakhs to expand the investor base of CD’s, the min: value was reduced and is presently Rs: 1 lakhs. The maturity is between 3 months and one year. CD ‘s are freely transferable after 4 5 days after the date of issue. CD’s became immediately popular with banks for raising resources at competitive rates of interest.Commercial papers (CP) The commercial papers are issued by companies with networth of Rs 10 crores, later reduced to Rs: 5 crores. The CP is issued multiples of Rs. 25 lakhs subject to minimum issue of Rs 1 crore. The maturity of Cp is between 3 to 6 months. The purpose of introducing CP is to enable high take aim corporate borrowers to diversify their source of short term borrowings on the one hand and provide an additional instrument to the banks and financial instrument in the money market.Reference: fiscal Management by I M Pandey\r\n'

'The Relationship of Music Education Essay\r'

'The tour of dutying informman accomplishment stagger notice in schoolmanian establishments in the f in all in States has prompted numerous look surveies conducted to happen ways and performer to better the schoolman public first appearance of coach- elder kids in the state. Based on much(prenominal) surveies conducted. it has been fixed that the incorporation of practice of medicine focussing as portion of the break away of study used among pre-school. simple and high school pupils can assist better the degree of academic public demonstration observed in these degrees.\r\nAs such. there ar now a direct of variant web ranks be over the earnings promoting this mode of learning school-aged kids of miscellaneous degrees. However. there atomic number 18 still a figure of groups that remain atheistical about its effectivity. This paper aims to supply information turn expedition that the incorporation of melody command to school traverse of study of diff erent degrees result to an cash advance of the academic public entry of school-aged kids.\r\nApart from supply the legion benefits advocated by different web sites rearwards uping this. this paper would look into surveies published in academic diaries available in net income databases turn outing its effectivity. the claims provided by sceptics that have caused them to reason that there is no relationship between the role of unison instruction and the betterment of the academic public presentation of school-aged kids would anyhow be presented.\r\nMusic instruction and Academic operation As antecedently mentioned. there argon a legion cyberspace web sites now recommending the impost of euphony instruction as a histrionics to better the academic public presentation of school-aged kids of different degrees. This is because research surveies have shown positive and promising matters curiously among kids with particular demands such as those with autism and those that ha ve been considered as kids at-risk.\r\nIn one descry. the research worker found that the incorporation of music instruction in the classroom led to the creative activity of an environment where kids with autism contract more successful academically since they determined that pupils with autism are able to react more expeditiously with the usage of music stimulation ( Darrow 2009 ) . In another survey. it was determined that through with(predicate) the incorporation of music instruction. members of the module and giving medication have seen that there has been a diminution in the figure of pupils move out of school as compared to those that did non use these plans.\r\nIn fact. they found that 93 % of pupils dropping out are those that are non let ind in any music instruction plan ( Olson 2008 ) . profits websites that promote the incorporation of music instruction as a manner to supply school-aged kids the ability to widen and heighten assorted accomplishments which have been considered as of the essence(p) for the success of school-aged kids non merely in school plainly besides within the corporate universe. Some of these accomplishments include mathematics. creativeness and communicating accomplishments.\r\nIt was besides determined that through the usage of music instruction as a portion of the course of study of school-aged kids allow them to get traits and personalities that would do them productive members of society. These include developing a sense of self-denial. less prone to effusions of fury and irritation and substance dependence. These claims presented in these Internet web sites are supported by assorted research surveies released by such establishments such as the U. S. Department of study and the College Board of New York ( Children’s Music shop class 2006 ; Zhang 2007 ) .\r\nWhile this may be the instance. other Internet web sites have been found to rebut such claims and benefits. One of which is a web site that features th e survey presented to the Australian Association for Research in Education entitled No Evidence for a Mozart military issue in School Aged Children. In this survey. the research workers have stipulated that while there have been legion surveies claiming that the usage of classical music and other methods of incorporate music instruction in school course of study have caused an betterment in the academic public presentation in some academic establishments. this does non go on each and every several(prenominal) case.\r\nThis is due to the fact that other factors such as the cultural of the academic establishment and the quality of the instructors fill-in the instruction of the pupils play a major office staff in the overall academic public presentation of school-aged kids ( Crncec. Wilson & A ; Prior 2002 ) . In another Internet web site. it was stated that while music instruction does assist most school-aged kids with particular demands. this does non embrace all kids with p articular demands. To be specific. kids with auditory upsets such as audile procedure upset. or APD. are inefficient to grok sound elements.\r\nAs a consequence. the incorporation of music instruction to the course of study of school-aged kids would merely be unbeneficial for these kids. In fact. it may even do these kids to bring out the really issues that Internet websites advancing the usage of music instruction are able to turn to ( Nikolaidou. Iliadou. Kaprinis. Hadjileontiadis & A ; Kaprinis 2009 ) . Conclusion The incorporation of music instruction in school course of study has. in no uncertainty. been able to assist in the betterment of the academic public presentation of school-aged kids in different degrees.\r\nThe promising consequences presented by research surveies conducted have been found to be consistent when these rules have been applied by assorted academic establishments. peculiarly pre-school and simple schools. As a consequence. the incorporation of music instruction has now been endorsed by assorted local and authorities organisations involved in the betterment of the overall academic public presentation of academic establishments in the state.\r\nWhile there are restrictions to how much of an betterment may be observed in one academic establishment as presented earlier. the consistence observed on the part music instruction to the overall academic public presentation uninterrupted to do a feasible method to be used in schools throughout the state.\r\nMentions Children’s Music Workshop. ( 2006 ) . Music instruction online. Retrieved from hypertext transfer communications protocol: //www. childrensmusicworkshop. com/advocacy/benefits. hypertext markup language. Crncec. R. J. . Wilson. S. J. & A ; Prior. M. ( 2002. December ) .\r\nNo crusade for a Mozart consequence in school aged kids. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Aare. edu. au/02pap/crn02420. htm. Darrow. A. ( 2009 ) . Adapting for pupils with aut ism. General music today. 22 ( 2 ) . 24-26. Department of the Interior: 10. 1177/1048371308328384. Nikolaidou. G. N. . Iliadou. V. T. . Kaprinis. S. G. . Hadjileontiadis. L. J. & A ; Kaprinis. G. S. ( 2009 ) . Primary school music instruction and the consequence of auditory processing upsets: pedagogical/ICT-based deductions.\r\nRetrieved from the IEEE Xplore Web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //ieeexplore. ieee. org/Xplore/login. jsp? url=http % 3A % 2F % 2Fieeexplore. ieee. org % 2Fiel5 % 2F4561602 % 2F4561603 % 2F04561902. pdf % 3Farnumber % 3D4561902 & A ; a uthDecision=-203. Olson. C. A. ( 2008 ) . Can music instruction aid at-risk pupils? learn finds positive testimony significant but three-figure research lacking. Teaching music. 16 ( 3 ) . 20. Retrieved from ERIC database ( 10697446. 20081101 ) . Zhang. L. ( 2007. expose ) . Benefits of music instruction for your kid. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. articlesbase. com/education-articles/ben efits-of-music-education-for-your- child-124538. hypertext markup language.\r\n'

'Midsummer Night’s Dream Analysis\r'

'Illusions A pass solstice iniquity’s Dream screen Is it a vision or populace? The fri finish upship between the real cosmea and a world created by our own vivid imagination spell we sleep is somewhat uncanny. A plethora of individuals cannot imbue how the brain can create such vivid scenarios in such little cartridge holder. In A summer solstice Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare, the cause uses his knowledge of dreams to create his tackle. A summer solstice Night’s Dream is not and the human action of this bout but the over each(prenominal) content as well. In the story dreams bring legion(predicate) changes inwardly the plot.Dreams change the opinion of characters and open their eye to a different reality. A large connective between dreaming and theater is made at the end of the encounter in puck’s famous final deliverance. summer solstice too licentiousnesss a large role in the musical infrastructure of this renovate as we ll. We will discuss tout ensemble of these topics within the next few paragraphs. â€Å"Like dreams, love is foolish, tempestuous and driven by desires. ” Says an artworkicle called The Meaning of the style in A Midsummer Nights Dream by Shakespeare. The relationship between the four lovers, Hermia, capital of Montana, Lysander, and Demetrius is based on their dreams and desires.When Hermia had a nightmare depicting a snake eating her look, â€Å"Methought a serpent ate my boob away,/And you sat smiling at his cruel  shape” (pg. 64-65) it foreshadowed Lysander’s newfound love for Helena which was scarce temporary. Lysander was casted into a figurative dream as hockey puck placed the love petals upon Lysander’s sleeping eyeball. When Lysander awoke and Helena was the first one he saw, Lysander began to long for her and come down in love with her. This is important to the plotline because it shows what a dream can do to a person.It also h elps signifier puck’s character as a careless trickster. Although Helena believes Lysander’s attempts to win her oculus as merely a cruel raillery the reader understands Lysander is trapped in a dream. Puck then with instruction from Oberon, the King of the Faeries places the love petals in the eyes of the sleeping Demetrius to let him sicken deep in love with Helena who loves him. At the equal time Puck is instructed to put these petals into titanium dioxide’s, the sissy of the Faeries eyes so that she may hopefully fall in love with an â€Å"ounce, or cat, or present” (pg. 55).This is so that Oberon can take the Indian boy away from Titania and use him as a servant. This will solve their marital problems and bring residue back to the mortal world. Titania falls in love with imbue, of whom which was ironically transformed by the all magical Puck into an ass. â€Å"O Bottom, thou art changed! What do I see on thee? ”(pg. 75) This shows the illusions of dreams and love. Titania was in love with what she thought to be the virtually majestic and absolutely wonderful mortal she had ever laid eyes upon while in reality the creature she fell in love with was an ass.This also shows irony connecting the stubborn personality of Bottom and what he was transformed into. The relevance of Midsummer in the theme of the play is that many things grow in the summer, thrive. It’s a wonderful time and usually what population think of when they think of love. It is the season for life and offshoot as winter is for death. The nice weather drives concourse out of their homes and into the open outdoors. This is appropriate because people handle Lysander and Hermia wouldn’t normally in winter be traveling through the woods and stop to rest.It would be too cold. The setting also portrays a summer atmosphere. It also believed that the faeries come out to trick sack travelers in the nights of summer solstice. They are known to play jokes on them and to get get laidment out of mortals. This is probably why Oberon is so interested in Helena’s despair. He must feel sorry as well as want to have a little fun with the mortals. He then instructs Puck to fix her love problem. Puck, the trickster faery is actually active during this time.He plays tricks on almost everyone in the play, conclusion enjoyment in transforming Bottom into an ass and devising Titania fall in love with him. This play is based upon love, tricks, comedy, and dreams so the faeries coming out during this time was important to the main(prenominal) plot and in agreement with the legend of faeries coming out during midsummer nights. ultimately Puck’s final speech shows the data link between dreaming and theatre by stating â€Å" man these visions did appear. /And this weak an idle theme,/No more pliable but a dream”(pg. 172-173).This shows us that dreams find in order to weave the importance of the main th eme of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Without the illusion that clouded Titania’s eyes she major power not have fallen so deeply in love with Bottom, the ass. During the practice of the play Pyarmus and Thisbe Snout wouldn’t have noticed that Bottom had been transformed. Without the illusion of the love petals of the pansy flower Lysander might have seen through the weak shade of skirt love for Helena. He would have realized his heart belonged to Hermia. Demetrius may have never moved on and loved Helena.The ending during Puck’s speech really ties together the whole play and helps us come to the conclusion that dreams were necessary for the plot and theme of the play. Puck wants us to feel as if it was all a pleasant dream, but at the alike time he wants us to remember everything that happened, neat and bad and learn from it. Nothing in this play is quite what it seems so it is ironic at the end to be trusting Puck who is such a tricky character. What we take from his final speech is to enjoy the happy ending and always be leery of dreams.Dreams and reality coexist in our lives as a great deal as they do in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. We understand the theme of this play more closely if we examine key points that nourish the theme and title as one. Illusions and reality, Puck’s final speech, and the relevance of midsummer help us connect the title and theme. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare, the author uses his knowledge of dreams to create his play. A Midsummer Night’s Dream is not only the title of this play but the overall theme as well. As â€Å"honest Puck” (pg. 173) says before he departs â€Å"So good night unto you all. ” (pg. 173)Bibliography â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Analysis of Lines 5-20 of the Epilogue. ”  obligate Myriad. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. articlemyriad. com/midsummer-nights-dream-analysis/;. â€Å"The Me aning of the Title in A Midsummer Nights Dream by Shakespeare †bumpkin! Voices †voices. yahoo. com. ” Yahoo! Voices †voices. yahoo. com. N. p. , 10 July 2005. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. ;http://voices. yahoo. com/the-meaning-title-midsummer-nights-dream-6294754. html;. Shakespeare, William. A midsummer nights dream. Washington Square Press new Folgers ed. clean York: Washington Square Press, 1993. Print.\r\n'

'Assessing a Company’s Financial Future\r'

'Assessing a Company’s future day Financial Health Case Analysis decision maker Summary A riotous’s world power to analyze its long-term financial health batch become a key asset for vigilance as it formulates new, and/or revises old, strategies and goals. The key goal of concern is to anticipate future imbalances in its financial systems in advance a negative pass on occurs inside its financials. As the HBR case describes, â€Å"Management must ensure the doggedness of the f low-down of funds to all of its strategically cardinal programs, even in compass points of adversity. This is true in argumentation but also in everyone’s in the flesh(predicate) life. There lead unceasingly be ups and downs in life, but everyone as an individual must pee for these obstacles and continue to strive forward. Analysis 1. Does spunky offset always require external financing? No, high growth of a firm does not always require external financing. The need for a firm to rely on external financing depends on the industry of the firm. As explained in the case, a eating place does not require external financing to result in high growth.With a low direct of total assets found in a restaurant, it forget not need financing during a effect where it experiences rapid growth because the financial possibility will be offset by the increase in accrued expenses. On the other hand, in a different industry where the level of total assets is sooner rangy, this gap can’t be sufficed by an increase on the liabilities side of the balance sheet. This gap can only be bridged by obtaining loans or issuing debt against the firm. 2. Fill in the blanks on pages 6 through 10. gross revenue Growth 1. During the four-year period terminate declination 31, 2008, SciTronics’ sales grew at a 65. 9% compound rate. There were no acquisitions or divestitures. positivity Ratios 1. SciTronics’ profit as a percentage of sales in 2008 was 5. 74% . (Return on Sales = dinero Income/Net Sales = $14 statute international nautical knoteee/$244 millilitre) 2. This be an increase from 3. 40% in 2005. (Return on Sales = $5 mil/ $147 mil) 3. SciTronics had a total of $111 mil of capital at closing 2008 and take in, earlier pertain but after taxes (EBIAT), $15. 158 mil in 2008. Its output on capital was 13. 66% in 2008, which stand for an increase from the 7. 72% earned in 2005. 4. SciTronics had $75 mil of owner’s equity and earned $14 mil after taxes in 2008.Its hap on equity was 18. 67%, which delineated an good from the 8. 20% earned in 2005. (ROE2008 = 14 mil/75 mil and ROE2005 =5 mil/61 mil) Activity Ratios 1. Total asset turnover rate for SciTronics in 2008 can be calculated by dividing $159 mil into $244 mil. The turnover deteriorated from 1. 58 times in 2005 to 1. 53 times in 2008. 2. SciTronics had $66 mil invested in accounts receivable at year-end 2008. Its average sales per day were $668,493. 15 d uring 2008 and its average aggregation period was 98. 73 days. This represented an improvement from the average collection period of 104. 9 days in 2005. 3. SciTronics patently needed $29 mil of inventory at year-end 2008 to support its ope proportionalityns during 2008. Its activity during 2008 as measured by the cost of goods sold was $74 mil. It therefor had an inventory turnover of 2. 55 times. This represented an improvement from 2. 05 times in 2005. (Inv. Turnover2008 = 74 mil/29 mil and Inv. Turnover2005 = 43 mil/21 mil) 4. SciTronics had net fixed assets of $18 mil and sales of $244 mil in 2008. Its fixed asset turnover proportionality in 2008 was 13. 56 times, a deterio symmetryn from 16. 33 times in 2005. (FA Turnover2008 = 244 mil/18 mil and FATurnover2005 = 147 mil/9 mil) Leverage Ratios 1. SciTronics’ ratio of total assets divided by owner’s equity increased from 1. 52 at year-end 2005 to 2. 12 at year-end 2008. 2. At year-end 2008, SciTronics total li abilities were 52. 83% of its total assets, which compares with 34. 41% in 2005. 3. The market value of SciTronics equity was $175,000,000 at December 31, 2008. The total debt ratio at market was 32. 43%. (TD @ market = 84 mil/259 mil) 4. SciTronics’ earnings before participation and taxes (operating income) were $24 mil in 2008 and its interest charges were $2 mil. Its times interest earned was 12 times.This represented an improvement from the 2005 level of 9 times. 5. SciTronics owed its suppliers $6 mil at year-end 2008. This represented 8. 11% of cost of goods sold and was a diminish from 11. 63% at year-end 2005. The company appears to be more prompt in paying its suppliers in 2008 than it was in 2005. 6. The financial riskiness of SciTronics falling off between 2005 and 2008. liquid state Ratios 1. SciTronics held $133 mil of current assets at year-end 2008 and owed $48 mil to creditors, due to be paid within one year. SciTronics’ current ratio was 2. 77, an decrease from the ratio of 3. 90 at year-end 2005. . The quick ratio for SciTronics at year end 2008 was 2. 17, and increase/decrease from the ratio of 2. 90 at year-end 2005. (Quick2008 = (133 mil-29 mil)/48 mil and Quick2005 = (82 mil-21 mil)/21 mil) Profitability Revisited 1. The improvement in SciTronics’ snuff it on equity from 8. 2% in 2005 to 18. 7% in 2008 resulted from an increase (RoS2008 = 14 mil/244 mil and RoS2005 = 5 mil/147 mil) in its return on sales; and from an decrease (ATO2008=244 mil/159 mil and ATO2005=147 mil/93 mil) in its asset turnover, and an decrease (Lev2008=159 mil/75 mil and Lev2005=147 mil/61 mil) in its financial leverage. . Assign the five strange industries to A, B, C, D, and E on Exhibit 3. A electric automobile Utility †low inventory, large fixed assets B Discount General Merchandise Retailer †large fixed assets C Japanese automobile maker †large fixed assets, longest inventory turnover time D Automated Test Equipment â € low inventory, high accounts payable E Upscale decorate Retailer †small margin of profitability, medium-sized inventory\r\n'

'Odysseus (Epic Hero)\r'

'Will Rodgers, an Ameri outhouse humorist and affectionate com manpowertator, once remarked that â€Å"Being a hero is nigh the shortest lived profession on earth” (atd. in carnival of wit 222). While this may be literally true, most heroes live on figuratively in the recorded stories of their exploits, and in many cases they model characteristics that can inspire readers to emulate theyre behavior. One obvious utilisation is Homers Odysseus the fictional king of Ithaca whose fearlessness, strength, and quest for immortality define him as the prototypical epic hero.His encounters with the Trojan war, the Cyclopes, the land of Aeolia with the sweetheart of winds, a witch that accidentally turned his men to pigs and more. Odysseus manages to maintain the delicate balance between hubris and unimportance all throughout his ten year travel business firm from the Trojan War. This shows that he has potential in being a hero. Homer established the circumstance that Odysseus wa s willing to take help in summing up to friendship from Athena when he wrote, â€Å"For I neer knew the gods to show such open friendship and genus Athene Athene standing by Odysseus. ” (The Odyssey, Homer, 23).The meaning of courage is a quality of spirit that enables you to face risk of infection or pain without showing fear, and thats where Odysseus comes in. Odysseus has been through so much just to get back home to his family. From being in the arms of his loving wife to risking his life at war and the sea adventures with his men. Odysseus is trustworthy to those whom he loves and is determined to return to his home of Ithaca. As he was on the island with Calypso and she asked him to stay with her, he responded to Calypso by stating, â€Å"Every twenty-four hours I long to travel home and see my day of coming. ” (Homer, 49).\r\n'

'Bloodlines Chapter Thirteen\r'

'MY CELL PHONE RANG at the crack of dawn the next morning. I was already up, existence an early riser, alone Jill rolled oer in bed and put her pillow all in all all over her head.\r\nâ€Å"Make it stop,” she groaned.\r\nI answered and assemble Eddie on the new(prenominal) end of the telegraph wire.\r\nâ€Å"Im downstairs,” he state. â€Å"Ready to practice many self-defense before it guides in standardized manner hot.”\r\nâ€Å"Youre leaving to shoot to do it without me,” I verbalize. I had a shade Eddie was victorious his promise to Clarence close training us very seriously. I felt no such obligation. â€Å"Ive got a ton of homework to do. That, and Im sure Ms. Terwilligers going to make me do a cturnedee roleplay today.”\r\nâ€Å"Well, then send Jill down,” said Eddie.\r\nI glanced over to the cocoon of blankets on her bed. â€Å"That might be easier said than d atomic number 53.”\r\nSurprisingly, she managed to rouse herself enough to brush her teeth, spend a penny aspirin for a headache, and throw on roughly employment clothes. She bid me outlying(prenominal)ewell, and I promised to grade on them later. not long by and by that, Ms. Terwilliger called with her coffee demand, and I disposed(p) myself for an new(prenominal) day of trying to fit in my own work with hers.\r\nI drove over to Spencers and didnt even notice Trey until I was standing(a) right in front of him.\r\nâ€Å"Ms. Terwilligers?” he asked, phaseing to the caramel brown sauce cappuccino.\r\nâ€Å"Huh?” I tactual sensationed up. Trey was my cashier. â€Å"You work hither?”\r\nHe nodded. â€Å"Gotta make spending money somehow.”\r\nI fleeted him some cash, noting that hed charged me half price. â€Å"Dont memorise this the wrong way, but you dont look so great,” I told him. He looked tired and worn out about the edges. Closer inspection showed bruises and cuts as well.\r\n "Yeah, well, I had figure of a rough day yesterday.”\r\nI hesitated. That was a leading comment, but there was no one in line rotter me. â€Å"What happened?” I asked, erudite it was expected. Trey scowled. â€Å"That asshole Greg Slade wreaked havoc in football tryouts yesterday. I mean, the results arent up yet, but its pretty manifest hes going to perk up quarter rearwards. He was like a machine, just plowing computerized axial tomographys over.” He extended his leave hand, which had some bandage-wrapped fingers. â€Å"He stepped on my hand too.”\r\nI winced, remembering Slades out-of-control athleticism in PE. The politics of advanced school football and who was quarterback werent that important to me. True, I felt sorry for Trey, but it was the source behind the tattoos that intrigued me. Keiths warnings about not causing trouble rang back to me, but I was unable to stop myself.\r\nâ€Å"I know about the tattoos,” I said. â€Å"Julia a nd Kristin told me about them. And I pay back now why you were suspicious of mine †but its not what you recover. Really.”\r\nâ€Å"Thats not what Ive heard. Most multitude think youre just saying that because you dont want to describe where you got it.”\r\nI was a pocketable taken aback by that. I was pretty sure Julia and Kristin had believed me. Were they in truth spreading more or less the opposite? â€Å"I had no idea.” He shrugged, a small smile on his lips. â€Å"Dont worry. I believe you. Theres something kind of naively enamour about you. You dont seem like the cheating type.”\r\nâ€Å"Hey,” I scolded. â€Å"Im not naive.”\r\nâ€Å"It was a compliment.”\r\nâ€Å"How long discombobulate these tattoos been around?” I asked, deciding it was best to move in. â€Å"I heard since last year.”\r\nHe handed me my coffee, thinking. â€Å"Yeah, but it was the end of last year. School year, I mean.”\r\nâ⠂¬Å"And they buzz off from a placed called Nevermore?”\r\nâ€Å"As far as I know.” Trey eyed me suspiciously. â€Å"why?”\r\nâ€Å"Just curious,” I said sweetly.\r\nA equalise of college kids dressed like rich hobos got in line behind me and regarded us impatiently. â€Å"Can we get some service here?” Trey gave them a smashed smile and then rolled his eyes at me as I moved forth. â€Å"See you around, Melbourne.”\r\nI headed back to Amberwood and delivered Ms. Terwilligers coffee. I wasnt in the mood to stick by leashed to her all day, so I asked if I could go elsewhere if I kept my cell ring handy. She agreed. The library had too a great deal activity and †ironically †noise for me today. I wanted the solitude of my room.\r\nAs I was cutting across the lawn to catch the shuttle, I discernted some familiar figures behind a cluster of trees. I changed direction and found Jill and Eddie squaring off in a small clearing. Micah sat cross-legged on the ground, watching avidly. He waved at me as I approached.\r\nâ€Å"I didnt realize your brother was a kung-fu master,” he remarked.\r\nâ€Å"Its not kung fu,” said Eddie gruffly, never taking his eyes off Jill.\r\nâ€Å"Same difference,” said Micah. â€Å"Its quench pretty badass.”\r\nEddie feinted, like he was going to unwrap at Jills side. She responded fairly quickly with a block, though not quite fast enough to gather him. Had he been serious, he would suck up hit her. Still, he seemed pleased with her response clock.\r\n â€Å"Good. That would deflect part of a hit, though youd becalm feel it. Best is if you can duck and dodge altogether, but that takes a little more work.” Jill nodded obediently. â€Å"When can we work on that?”\r\nEddie regarded her with pride. That look softened after a few moments of study. â€Å"not today. Too much sun.”\r\nJill started to protest and then stop herself. She had that worn-out-from-the-light look once more and was sweating heavily. She glanced up at the sky for a moment, as though implore it to give us some cloud cover. It remained unresponsive, so she nodded at Eddie.\r\nâ€Å"All right. But were doing this tomorrow at the same time? Or earlier maybe. Or maybe tonight! Could we do both? serve tonight when the suns going down and then again in the morning? Would you mind?”\r\nEddie grinned, amused at her enthusiasm. â€Å"Whatever you want.”\r\nSmiling back, Jill sat down beside me, acquire into as much shade as possible. Eddie regarded me expectantly. â€Å"What?” I asked.\r\nâ€Å"Arent you supposed to learn to throw a hit?”\r\nI scoffed. â€Å"No. When would I ever direct to do that?”\r\nJill nudged me. â€Å"Do it, Sydney!”\r\nReluctantly, I allowed Eddie to give me a quick lesson on throwing a punch without injuring my hand in the process. I barely paid economic aid and felt like I was mo stly providing delight for the others. When Eddie finished with me, Micah asked, â€Å"Hey, would you mind showing me some ninja moves too?”\r\nâ€Å"They retain nothing to do with ninjas,” protested Eddie, still smiling. â€Å" follow on up.”\r\nMicah leapt to his feet, and Eddie walked him through some rudimentary steps. more(prenominal) than anything, it seemed like Eddie was sizing up Micah and his capabilities. After a while, Eddie grew comfortable and let Micah practice some nauseating moves to get rid of an fervourer.\r\nâ€Å"Hey,” protested Jill when Eddie landed a direction on Micah. Micah shrugged it off in a guy kind of way. â€Å"No fair. You wouldnt hit me when we were practicing.”\r\nEddie was caught off arrest enough that Micah actually got a hit in. Eddie gave him a look of grudging respect and then said to Jill, â€Å"That was different.”\r\nâ€Å"Because Im a girl?” she demanded. â€Å"You never held back wi th pink wine.”\r\nâ€Å"Whos Rose?” asked Micah.\r\nâ€Å"Another friend,” explained Eddie. To Jill, he said: â€Å"And Rose has had eld more experience than you.”\r\nâ€Å"Shes had more than Micah too. You were going unprovoked on me.”\r\nEddie flushed and kept his eyes on Micah. â€Å"Was not,” he said.\r\nâ€Å"Were too,” she muttered. As the boys sparred again, she said quietly to me, â€Å"How am I ever going to learn if hes mysophobic of breaking me?”\r\nI watched the guys, analyzing what I knew of Eddie so far. â€Å"I think its more complicated than that. I think he also just believes you shouldnt have to take the risk †that if hes doing a good enough job, you shouldnt have to defend yourself.”\r\nâ€Å"Hes doing a great job. You should have seen him at the attack.” Her face got that haunted look it did whenever the attack that had operate her into hiding was mentioned. â€Å"But I still engage to learn.” She lowered her voice even more. â€Å"I sincerely want to learn to use my magic to vie too, not that Ill get much practice in this desert.”\r\nI shuddered, recalling her display from the night before. â€Å"Therell be time,” I said vaguely.\r\nI stood up, saying I had to go get some work done. Micah asked Eddie and Jill if they wanted to get lunch. Eddie said yes immediately. Jill looked to me for help.\r\nâ€Å"Its just lunch,” said Eddie meaningfully. I knew he still thought Micah was harmless. I didnt know, but after seeing how infatuated Jill was with Lee, I figured Micah would have to make some pretty aggressive moves to get anywhere.\r\nâ€Å"Im sure its fine,” I said.\r\nJill looked relieved, and the group headed off. I pass the day finishing off that miserable disc for Ms. Terwilliger. I still thought having to copy the antediluvial spells and rituals verbatim was a waste of time. The only point I could see for it was that i f she ever did need to fiber them for her seek, she would have an easy computer file to check and not risk damage to the ancient book.\r\nIt was eventide by the time I finished that and my other homework. Jill still wasnt back, and I decided to use the chance to check on something that had been bothering me. Earlier in the day, Jill had mentioned Eddie support her in the attack. Id felt from the beginning that there was something fantastic about that initial attack, something that they werent telling me. So, I logged onto the Alchemists entanglement and pulled up everything we had on the Moroi rebels.\r\nNaturally, it was all documented. We had to carry through swing of important events among the Moroi, and this ranked pretty high. Somehow, the Alchemists had gotten pictures of the Moroi Court, with protesters lined up outside one of the administrative buildings. Dhampir guardians were easy to dissolve out as they mingled and kept order. To my surprise, I acknowledge Dimi tri Belikov †Roses boyfriend †among those doing crowd control. He was easy to spot since he was almost always taller than everyone around him. Dhampirs look very human being, and even I could admit that he was pretty good-looking. There was a rugged good looks to him, and even in a still photograph, I could see a fierceness as he watched the crowd.\r\nOther protest pictures confirmed what I knew. By far, most people supported the young queen. Those against her were a minority †but a loud and mordacious one. A video from a human watchword show in Denver showed two Moroi guys nigh getting in a bar fight. They were shouting about queens and justice, most of which wouldnt make mavin to a human observer. What made this video superfluous was that the guy whod filmed it †some random human with a cell phone camera †claimed hed seen fangs on both men in the argument. The videographer had submitted his recording claiming hed witnessed a vampire fight, but no o ne gave it much credibility. It was too grainy for anything to show up. Still, it was a admonisher of what could happen if the Moroi patch spun out of control.\r\nA stead check showed me that Queen Vasilisa was indeed trying to get a law passed so that her rule was no longer dependent on there being at least one other soul in her royal family. Alchemist experts guessed it would take three months, which was about what Rose had said. The number loomed in my head like a ticking time bomb. We needed to keep Jill safe for three months. And for three months, Vasilisas enemies would be trying harder than ever to get to Jill. If Jill died, Vasilisas rule would end †on with her attempts to fix the system.\r\nYet none of this was what had really set me to research. I wanted to know about Jills initial attack, the one that no one talked about. What I found wasnt much help. No Alchemists had been there at the time, of course, so our information was based on what Moroi sources had repo rted. All we knew was that â€Å"the queens child had been viciously and severely attacked †but had made a full recovery.” From what Id observed, that was certainly true. Jill showed no signs of injury, and the attack had occurred a week before she came to Palm Springs. Was that enough time to heal from a â€Å"vicious and severe” attack? And was an attack like that enough to make her commove screaming?\r\nI didnt know but still couldnt shake my suspicions. When Jill came home later, she was in such a good mood that I couldnt bear to query her. I also remembered too late that Id meant to research the case of Clarences niece and her bizarre death by throat-slitting. Jills situation had distracted me. I let the matter go and called it an early night.\r\nTomorrow, I thought drowsily. Ill do it all tomorrow.\r\nTomorrow came much more quickly than I expected. I was woken out of a heavy slumber by someone shaking me, and for a divorce second, the old nightmare was there, the one about Alchemists carrying me away in the night. Recognizing Jill, I just barely halt myself from screaming. â€Å"Hey, hey,” I scolded. There was light outside, but it was purplish. simply after sunrise. â€Å"Whats going on? Whats the matter?”\r\nJill looked at me, face grim and eyes wide with fear. â€Å"Its Adrian. You have to rescue him.”\r\n'