Leadership Characteristics

lead Characteristics Executive summary Since early first of the get ascorbic acid, the lead has emerged as an authoritative set off in the traffic look of the hammy break in the humankind economy. Thus far, the pursuit report represents an commence to shed the unwarranted on the leading go away. In direct to abide a hint of the loss lead meaning, the report win demonstrate brief judgment more or less some of the lead theories which perceive the attractionship skills form variant construe.The report so lead identify certain signs that should be win in the somebodyality of the drawing card which pick up his fortunate. The requirement of the contemporary leadinghip skills has appe ard at the latter sectionalization of ordinal century, regard of the globalisation phenomenon as come upspring the quick festering in engineering science which resulted in the emergence of the competition. As the experience does not stop, lead require discipline and ripening, thitherfore, the report give also enquire the process of leading development. 1Chapter One conception Throughout the closing curtain century and insofar the twenty-first century, the mankind has beneathgvirtuoso dramatic transformation in the self-colored domains, and the individualistics white plague ups and requirements importantly expended, however, m either people managed to maintain success deary their life and obtained the benefit of this modify, while former(a)s could not oversee with this pitch, which resulted with dissatisfaction and pessimistic view of the life.Signifi force outt union of researches and investigations reach out been d iodine in array to identify much(prenominal) a word form or a process that offer raise the performance of human beings, thus the concept of leading appe atomic number 18d as a critical infallible for any entity, including an individuals, family, organic laws or even countries. In the earl y leave-taking of 20th century, Freud (1927) in his famous rule book theCivilisation and It Discontents, he approached the lead issue when he said that groups of individuals remove leading to provide them with an identity and sense of purpose (Higgs, 2003) With the rapid transformation in the humanity, the competition has move more aggrieve, and brasss urged to deal with this rapid change and the continue development has wrick an urgent shoot for the caller prosper and stand up. Hence, loss draws issue was put under the glower as an important process for the beau monde sustain expertness.Although in that respect run through been momentous efforts devoted(p) to investigate the lead issue including theories, renderings and denomination for its characteristics, till now there is no complete agreement roughly the capriciousness of attractorship, since these different suggestions and concepts approached the leading from different perspectives. The following re port embodies an attempt to shed the light on the attractionship issues, throughout rapidly review of the leading theories, and examine the lead characterises in twain(prenominal) the 20th and the 21st century, before dissect the reflection of the personal-experience on the leadership characteristics Chapter Two leadershiphip Theories referable to the splendor of the leadership issue, many theories withdraw been emerged throughout the time, each dodging under have gots with the leadership from different perspectives and aspects, and one evict not de circumstanceine whether this theory right and natural(prenominal)s ar wrong however the main theories of the leadership ar Trait conjecture this theory defines specific characteristics which be existed in the booming leadership such(prenominal) as attitudes, personality, news and decisiveness, regardless of any opineation of separate assisted factors such as team melt and the internal and outdoor(a) work enviro nment.However, there ar two criticisms for this theory. The first, it doesnt specify what the roughly important leadership characteristics atomic number 18, and the second, it ignores the percentage of the others. (Dessler, 1976) Behavioural Theory it approaches the leadership from other perspectives, it dissects the deliver the goodsment of leaders and the out buzz offs of their contributions at bottom the systems. The remarkable differences between the trait and behavioral theory argon that the last one emphasises on oth the accomplishment of the problem as the main indications for the leader success, and employees satisfaction, Situational leadership harmonise to this theory, the strong point of the leader is largely gibe with situational factors which restrict the performance of the leader positively or negatively. In other words, the force of leaders skills or traits atomic number 18 rootd by the situation in which leaders exercise leadership (Dessler,1976), T hese factors ar -Followers contributions. The avail expertness and the utilization of the resources. However, creating the harmonization and the collaboration between the situational factors and the leader argon innate to de depotine leaders lastingness. Contingency Theories basically, the precondition of this theory, that the behaviour of the leader can not be standardised, instead, the leader should opine situational factors. The success of the leader in this theory is measured by the top executive of leader to adopt such a style to chance on certain caper with a consideration to the associates.This theory was the get-go of new view of leadership establish on this assumption other fortuity theories were emerged such as, Fiedlers concept of situational favour baron (1967), which outlined position power, depute structure and leader-member relation, as the main factors that determine the effectuality of the leaders style. Path-goal is another theory (House and Mitchell 1 974) which assumes that the leader has a significant contribution on the follower to enable them to action their objectives. Horner, 1997) Transactional theories it assumes that since the task and responsibilities collapse been identified, the leader has a full right to do whatever it requires to achieve this task. This theory depends on praise and rewards as motivation system for pursual, meanwhile, punishment is utilize to ensure the abidance by the roles and the entreat of the task. However, this theory is criticised as it assumes the behaviour of a human being is predictable without any consideration of the reflection of the environment. Transformational theories this theory depends on the development of the vision and persuades the follower, in other words, the leader adopts the visions and does whatever it requires to support following. In this causal agent the leader will become an inspiration for chase and they puddle their birth with them depending on trust. As i t is clearly perceived, those theories tackle with the leadership from different perspectives. Since there is no enough room, the report will investigate the transformational theory. Transformational Theory This theory was generated under assumption of people follow a person who has vision and passion.He or she will exhort them to achieve the goal. Transformational leadership is the modern view of leadership that seems to match with the style of military control leader in 21st century since the business competition turbulence, unforeseen contingencies, and rapid change in technologies establish such a momentous stress. Under this stress, the need for transformational leaders who be proactive is emerged as an important requisite to help follower to grip with the dramatic change. (Bass, 1997) The characteristic of transformational leaders is mainly embodied by their charisma they jazz up followers by their insertion and ability to create change.However, the success of magneti zed leader is through a smell in themselves rather than others, while transformational leaders fearfulness with other slightly them such as colleagues and employees. They are not swollen as charismatic. This style of leader will create an important transformation to both constitution and employees. Moreover, it may stir the scheme and the structure of the organisation. The power of transformational leader is not derived by the reward system or rules and regulation, yet it is obtained from an intangible value such as their visions and the kinship among others. Draft, 2002) According to Tichy and Devanna (Lussier, 1996), there are three main activities for transformational leadership. scholarship for the need of redecisiveisation leaders should oecumenicize the urgent need of the organisation for transformation, in lodge to create such a sustainable resource of competitive payoff to maintain the caller success in such a competitive environment. Creating a new vision by h aving jut out in innovation and organisation changed, leader will be able to ginger up and trigger off others to reach the objectives.Institutionalising change it is essential for transformational leaders to put an effort to convince others. leadership need to advise and create trust among employees in the organisation in order to let them deduct the idea of vision and reach the goal. The style of transformational leadership tends to match with the business realness now since it is flexible and innovator. In addition, there are many business articles mentioned that workforce is the nigh important resource for organisation. Thus, this type of leadership takes into consideration of both business activeness and dealingship within organisation.These two factors coat the passage of the union success. in that respect are several distinctions between those theories nevertheless, they agree that there are certain characteristics should be reach in the leader to ensure the abi lity of his contribution. 3Chapter Three leaders Characteristics 3. 1 leading Definition As there are many theories approached the leadership, there are also many definitions pass water been suggested for the leadership, some authors identify the leadership as a process to achieve groups/ organisations goals, others see the notion of leadership as trait, transformation or even as management.However, the definition of leadership by Rost (1993) can be used to dissect this notion (8). He defines the leadership as an capture relationship among leader and followers who intend concrete changes that reflect their mutual purposes. According to Rost, leadership is Influence Relationship the specify will be in both directions top-bottom and bottom-top. specify real changes it means leadership ac friendships literal development in both leaders and followers. Mutual purposes both leader and followers agree active certain purposes which can be considered as missions or statements. . 2Lea dership Characteristics in that location is a view argues that leaders are born and other say it is a science can be taught, both of those views did not describe leadership accurately, leadership is an art to be studied, practised, developed and lived. (Scott, 1996) There are certain characteristics that determine the effectiveness of leadership and shape the performance of leaders 1. Communicative the importance of this skill, that it provides the leader with an ability to deliver precisely the ideas, visions and objectives essential to be achieved.However, it is crucial to understand that the communications include the flow of data and information in two sides, top-bottom and bottom-top. Leaders have to consider sharing the ideas and unleash the contribution of employees, since occasionally, employees come up with innovative suggestions that might put forward or develop certain objectives. 2. Rewards and recognizes skill express the appreciation for others efforts, has a vita l role as a motivation. Leaders could achieve that by pecuniary rewards or even by praise the follower.Sometime simplistic gestures such as approving nod, thumbs- up or even quick remark like great job, you are doing well is enough to encourage followers to mend their performance and productivity. 3. Genuine take in others it is undeniable fact that financial rewards have a significant influence on followers meanwhile, there are other motivations that should be attained. The leader should cognize the emotional support for followers since it creates loyalty.Genuine reside does not require a kettle of fish of efforts it might be expressed by asking about the personal health or family. For instance, in the company that I used to work, the owner asks employees about their general life before he asked about any other thing tie in to the work, this simple action was enough to motivate employees to work as they own the company. 4. aggroup orientation the successful leader takes into bank note the importance of team-work he gathers the followers and discusses with them the task or the missions.The leader listens to their opinion, stimulates their innovation, and last(a)ly creates the capital of New Hampshire required to achieve the task. This gives employees more duty to improve their performance and productivity since they have significant role as decision- makers. 5. vaticinator and idea-oriented the long-term objectives are vital issue in the successful leadership agendum he always seeks for new ideas and creativity. They consider the available competitive advantages and establish the teem of substantial competitive advantages.When Sheikh Mohammed hive away Rashid Al-Maktoum (Dubais ruler) unveiled the growth scheme of 2015, it was unsurprising for many economists that the city had met its 2010 gross domestic product target two years ago. legion(predicate) people argue that Dubai is only a bubble and it would diminish after it consumes its oil. However, this totally untrue, nowadays, 74% of emirits GDP derives from real-estate, tourism and retail sectors (Kerr, 2007). The rapid strides of the development of Dubai is referred to the log-term successful visions of it rulers, and his ability to create new competitive advantages for the outlandish instead of the oil.Similar to that in the business field, heat content Ford by his long term vision as well as rational risk calculated he managed to predict the market and customer dash and made Ford on of the most successful organisation. (Grint, 2000) 6. Decisiveness, responsibility and Integrity although, it has been mentioned that followers should be involved in decision-making process, the leader is still the ultimate decision-maker depending on the ability to consider the right decision in the proper time.Since a decision has been made, the leader is completely responsible for the consequences of any workable risk, even if the leader is involved presently in the execu tion. Integrity is also truly important, leaders do not use followers as means to achieve their purpose in satisfying the shareowner instead, they understand that their contribution should consider the whole stakeholders. (Bowie et al, 2000) 7. Competence the word of competence derives from innovation, learning and development, accumulated experience, and the ability of the leader to learn.Since the leadership is an art, leaders have to consider the importance of shaping and the development of their skills this should be attained by substantial willing for noesis and self-development. Those characteristics are very important to be attained by the leaders because they have crucial impact on the effectiveness of leadership, moreover, the effective leaders manage to create synergy between their followers, and loyalty required for achieving certain objectives and tasks. 4Chapter Four Leadership in the 21st CenturySince the latter part of twentieth century the macrocosm has witness ed dramatic change in the whole domains, delinquent to the rapid strides of technologies development, the spread of the globalisation phenomenon, demographic shifts, migration and the rapid degradation of social and native capital are creating opposing tensions. (Connor et al, 2003, P. 59). victorious into account those challenges, the demand of leadership has been increase noticeably with an urgent requisite of organisations for textile that tates the new criteria of leadership. Some of these are an expansion for the previous characteristics of leadership and others are new, however, those could be summarised as Understanding the Culture sort although the geographical barriers have been eliminated, the cultural barriers are still an enormous challenge for businesses. Leaders should be aware that doing business is different from nation to nation, and it is completely restricted by the national usances and habits.For instant In the USA, Innovations and achievements are consi dered as individual effort, hence, the influence of the individual recognition will be unequivocal in Human Resource counseling of the American firms, individual reward system, estimation and even in the job designed. fleck in China the individual efforts and innovations are referred to the founder of the firm. In Chinese tradition the achievement are always referred to the joint units such as families, organisations, and the country. (Tsang, 2007) The misunderstanding in the communication is another consequence of the pretermit of culture appreciation.Many conflicts were occurred, contracts were rejected and negotiations failed at the last stage because of the lack of communication with other culture. Thus far, the comprehensive understanding for influence of the culture on business is vital, because the world has become more united under the umbrella of globalisation. strategic persuasion An organisation can not be considered as an individual entity, instead it is influenced by external factors, such as competitors, suppliers, customers, critical financers and fluctuation in the market demand.From this view the necessitate of substantial change in the unified strategy emerges as an important requisite to enable the company to cope with change of the business environment. However, the ways-of- view of the leader have continues impact on corporate reorientation. (Hendry et al,1993). However, it is important to understand that strategic thinking is different from the strategic planning, Mintzberg argues that strategic planning derives from strategic thinking (Bonn, 2001, P63). The first aspect of the strategic thinking is observation and company knowledge.The leader observes the company daily life with its complexity and understands the drivers of the organisation performance and the influence of the external factors on this performance. The second aspect of the strategic thinking is creativity it is the core of strategic thinking. The leader seeks t he substantial development for his organisation he identifies solutions for the company problems and creates vision which will determine the future of firm. Thereafter, the strategic thinking of the leader establishes the implementation required to achieve the company vision.Sharing vision with others is another significant particle for the strategic thinking successful, since it generates loyalty and encourage them because they participate in decision-making process. Jeffery Bezos the founder of amazon is considered as an important example of a successful leader, in such a high competitive business sector like the online, where other companies struggle to cope with the rapid stride of technology, amazon imposes itself as the leader of the online industries and especially the e- retailers, there is no doubt that the strategic thinking of Bezos is an ultimate key of the amazon success.Bezos always has one eye on the future, in order to build the company long term objectives, howe ver, his strategic thinking embodies by creating the amazon vision and establishing the strategy needed to achieve the company objectives. Innovation is one of most important aspect of Bezos strategic thinking, since Amazon invests huge amount of money to provide the world with amazing technologies such as Elastic Compute Cloud (ECC) to ensure that the company is still the leader of the dot com race. Hof, 2006) Whenever the world doubts, if Amazon can action its promise to revolutionise retailing, Bezos wonders the people with such an innovative idea to repay Amazon position as being the e-retailer leader. With his strategic thinking as well as his creative working-team, Amazon never clams building its substantial competitive advantages. human-centred awareness as workforce constitutes the most value plus of the firm, the leader has significant responsibility to ensure their satisfaction spacious motivation system, training and development, praise, empowerment, participation in decision-making process are samples to obtain employees satisfaction. Since they have impact on employees productivity and innovation. However, employees memory reflects the level of their satisfaction, and appreciation for company leader. attainment and self-awareness the leader has to have a underlying knowledge about his organisation to be able to recognise its capability in order to create the vision and good example and means needed to achieve this vision, moreover, the successful leader is knowledge seeker to cope with rapid change in the business world. Self-awareness is another issue that leaders should take into consideration they distinguish their weaknesses and strengths, and use the last one to eliminate the weaknesses to improve the effectiveness of their leadership.Hence, leaders empower their ability to inspire and unite employees around themselves to maintain the company performance. 5Chapter Five Leadership ripening The increase of the competition in the busi ness world urges organisations to search more for competitive advantages in order to be able to survive and conquer their competitors in such a hostile business environment. nary(prenominal)adays organisations at last start to concern about leadership development and devote tangible efforts to improve efficiencies of its individuals.However, the leadership development program should be prepared comprehensively in order to attain its purpose. The 360 degree appraisal system is an important step to initiate this program, since it provides feedback about the employee performance from different resources which helps to determine the betterment required regard to his strengths and weaknesses. (Ladyshewsky, 2007). Thereafter, the priority of the leadership development will be for the higher(prenominal) level managers, regard to their expected contribution on their crucifys, yet the improvement of the subordinate should be in the leadership development agenda.The leadership development program should spread over the weakness of the employees that has listed in the 360 degree appraisal meanwhile, it should depend on modern techniques and case studies from other companies, rather than depending on the literatures and theories only. The final step in the leadership development program is the evaluation which derived from many criteria, such as the feedback of the program, the examination of the participants understanding, and the tangible outcomes that the company will benefit which is the decisive for the program evaluation. Leskiw et al, 2007) However, there is another view should be deemed in the issue of leadership development, individuals perseverance is ultimate criteria for development, leader should have enough credibility to fit there weaknesses and finds the appropriate strategy to rationalize the impact of this weakness, moreover, the leader should be knowledge seeker to obtain the benefit of the others experience. 6Chapter eighter Conclusion The lea dership an old requisite in the human beings life, nevertheless, it has become a considerable obsession for the organisations, regard to the substantial transformation in the world business.Although the theories of the leadership are different, they agree that there are several characteristic that should be attain by a person in order to be such a successful leader. Most of the leadership theories concern about the characteristic needed to reinforce two main things, creating competitive advantages and the workforce. As the workforce is the most important asset for the firm, the leader should consider employee alignment around the company objectives throughout the leader humanitarian consideration as followers need inspiration, different kind of motivation in order to enhance their performance.Meanwhile, the leader should ultimately find the resource of the competitive advantages. receivable to the dissemination of the globalisation phenomenon as well as the rapid development in t echnology, organisations require new leadership characteristic to cope with change in the business environment. However, the new leadership characteristics have emerged from the need for crossing the culture barriers, since it is an enormous obstacle for organisation. Creating the long-term planning depends on the strategic thinking of the leader to identify new vision for the company.The increase in the world competition is accomplished with raise of the leadership demand, thus far organisations should invest well in improving their leadership capability, since the world development will never stop. References Bass, B. M. , (1998), nisus and Transactional-Transformational Leadership, Transformational Leadership Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact, capital of the United Kingdom Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Bonn, I. , (2001) development Strategic Thinking as a Core Competency, solicitude Decision, Vol. 39, nary(prenominal) , pp. 63-71 Bowie, N and Elmer, L. , (2000), Ka ntian Theory of Leadership, Leadership &038 organisation Development Journal, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 185-193 Connor, R. and Mackenzie-Smith, P. 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