The Sea and the Fury

The Sea and The Fury plagiarisation agnizems frequently suited to Johnny Depp and Robert Louis Stevenson books, not devastating violent acts that wealthy person had an ever-growing awe in the 21st century. S divulgeheast Asia, or the Arc of Instability (a more appropriate name for this es verbalise), has go a hot spot for new day freebooters within the give way decade. Maritime Terrorism has everyplacely become more widespread due to several Southeast Asian terrorist groups who present the intention and capability of waging terror on the high seas. However, champion cannot say that buccaneering is a more persistent and significant threat to regional security than international terrorist networks.In mevery cases, plagiarism and terrorism overlap, and can then be constituted as the same thing. Piracy is defined by the United Nations as violence on the high seas, that is, beyond any states territorial amnionic fluid (Young & Valencia, 269) and to the International Ch amber of Commerces International Maritime power as an act of boarding or attempting to board any get off off with the intent to commit theft or any other abhorrence and with the intent or capability to use force in promotional material of that act. (Young & Valencia, 269. Maritime Terrorism is defined as governmental piracy which is any illegal act directed against ships, their passengers, despatch, crew or against sea ports with the intent of directly or indirectly influencing a government or group of individuals. (Young & Valencia, 270. ) Because these acts be similar in nature and intent, one cannot be said to be more of a threat than the other. This paper solelyow for analyze separate cases of piracy and terrorism and cases where the acts overlap, with attention given to the pass of malacca, one of the worlds busiest waterways and a veritable sitting duck for terrorism and piracy.Piracy has make a remarkable return to the new world with hundreds of cases being desc ribe every year. With many of the surrounding countries in the South peaceful being economically and politically unstable, and the fact that the seas are some of the most firmly trafficked in the world, piracy has become a viable means of thievery. account incidents of piracy worldwide bewilder aim dramatically increased over the dwell 5 years, peaking at 469 in 2000. A significant portion of these incidents occurred in Southeast Asian amniotic fluid, increasing from 22 in 1997 to 164 in 2002.Indonesian waters alone accounted for 119 out of 469 reported worldwide incidents in 2000, 91 out of 335 incidents in 2001, and 103 incidents of a total 370 reported incidents in 2002. (Young & Valencia, 270. ) Piracy is utilise for financial gain, with different levels of piracy set at special K thievery, temporary seizures, long-term seizure and hijacking. The passing games of Malacca saw a cargo ship, the Alondra Rainbow, of aluminum ingots hijacked on its way to Japan. The crew was held hostage for a work week before being set adrift they were later found by a Thai fishing boat.The ship was found weeks later in Indian waters. Terrorism is usually not heard of at sea, that is just as serious as it is on land. Terrorism, and its nautical manifestation, political piracy or nautical terrorism, is motivated by political goals beyond the immediate act of fill outing or hijacking a maritime target. (Young & Valencia, 271. ) The Abu Sayyaf Group, the Gerakan Aceh Merdeka and the Jemaah Islamiyah are three terrorist groups with roots in the South Pacific that take taken advantage of the high volume of expatriation that passes through the waters by perpetrating acts of piracy and terrorism.Al-Qaeda is as well thought to be an enemy that would force ships traveling through the region. Not lonesome(prenominal) do pirates terrorize ships crews, unless terror groups like al-Qaeda could also use pirates methods either to attack ships, or to seize ships to use in terror attacks at mega-ports, much like the Sept. 11 hijackers used planes. A more sinister scenario is that a small but lethal biological weapon could be bootleg into a harbor aboard ship and released.Terrorist groups regard seaports and international travel lines as attractive targets because they lie in the intersection of terrorist intent, capability and opportunity. (Banaloi, 67. ) This has bear upon Southeast Asia horribly, ca development drops in tourism, trade and shipping revenues. Terrorist groups are more rampant in this region because of the great fare of political fermenting and are usually able to procure the weapons take ined for such activities relatively easily due to the political climate and amount of Bneediness securities industry goods. This may be only the beginning of Maritime Terrorism.In 1982, the United Nations move up the Laws of Sea, detailing how many miles offshore nations could call their own and where maritime boundaries were regarding i nternational waters. However, the flaw here lies in the fact that the United Nations did null to provide for nations that adopt conflicting boundaries except add an addendum that verbalise that nations had to peaceably come to a compromise. Conflicts have a startn due to the fact common waterways are narrow, nations have competing claims for boundaries, and an abundance of rich resources have been found in the area. Piracy and terrorism overlap in several ways, particularly in the tactics of ship seizures and hijackings. And some of the conditions which allow it to thrive are also similar to the causes of terrorism, for example, poverty, political instability, permeable international boundaries, and ineffective enforcement. (Young & Valencia, 271. ) Indonesia, Malaysia and capital of Singapore all border the offer of Malacca, one of the busiest shipping areas in the world. Oil has been tapped and handle off the coast of East Timor by Australia.Brunei is rich from oil color de posits, as would the Philippines, Vietnam and China be if someone drew up a proper(ip) boundary and split the territory. All of these claims have led to an amazing amount of unrest in the area, culminating with escalating violence. Because piracy is frequent in Southeast Asia, terrorists have found it an attractive cover for maritime terrorism terrorists could adopt pirate tactics of stealing a ship, which they could then blow up or ram into another vessel or a port facility, to set out fear.Thus, security experts consider the line between piracy and terrorism to have blurred in Southeast Asia. (Banalaoi, 64. ) A narrow waterway linking the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the Straits of Malacca are bordered by Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore and sees thousands of shipping cargo pass through its ports every year. The Malacca Strait alone carries more than a quarter of the worlds maritime trade apiece year more than cardinal thousand large ships pass, including forty to fifty oil wells.Because the strait is the maritime gateway between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, it will remain a world center of maritime activity. It has been argued that it would be difficult for terrorists to disrupt shipping in the strait by drop down a ship in a precise spot. However, were terrorists to hijack one and turn it into a floating bomb to destroy ports or oil refineries, the effect would be catastrophic. Such an attack incident would not only cripple world trade and slow down international shipping but spread fear-more broadly than on 9/11. (Banaloi, 65. The United States has show grave fear over the possibility of sinking a tanker in the Straits, and has, along with India, taken to policeling the waters. Japan has also expressed look up over the safety of the Strait with good reason Japanese ships were hijacked in 1998, 1999 and 2000, one of which was the infamous Alondra Rainbow. Needless to say, the problem is not going to go away. Piracy has become more ra mpant in the Straits during the last few years, and is expected to rise even more when China begins using more oil. The number of such attacks has tripled over the past decade.In the first week of June, for example, a tug and barge disappeared on their way to Port Klang in Malaysia, armed robbers looted a tanker in Indonesian waters and crews repelled two other attacks in the Strait itself. (www. economist. com. ) Despite the apparent rise of piracy and the serious potential for terrorist acts, all hope should not be lost. A total of 16 countries and one administrative region were stand for at the Asian Maritime Security Summit Japan, South Korea, China, Hong Kong, the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh.After discussing measures to deal with piracy and maritime terrorism, the participants espouse an Asia Maritime Security Initiative 2004 calling for cooperation among their countries in this area. It seems fair to see this de velopment as an expression by Japan of its readiness to take the initiative in regional maritime security. (Isami, 49. ) Recently, Japan, no doubt influenced by its hijackings, has spearheaded a campaign to end piracy and terrorism in the Straits and other sea-lanes in the South Pacific.One popular idea raised at the conference was building an Asian Coast Guard, wherein each nation would send people to be trained as officers and be able to patrol and safe guard the waters. The Copenhagen School in Denmark introduced the concept of securitization to challenge the conventional conception of security. Emmers applies the securitization speculation to have a deeper at a lower placestanding of the securitization of drug trafficking, piracy/maritime terrorism, and people smuggling in Thailand, Singapore and Australia, respectively. (Banaloi, 388. ) Securitization has become a surmise used to pinpoint the ways in which regions become securitized and de-securitized. The opening has be en met with great fanfare, especially in the South Pacific. Yet another theory to help scholars and government aides with the situation is the Grey Area conjecture presented by Peter Chalk, where threats to the stability of nations are provided by non-nation processes, organizations and people.A review of his theory stated, The piracy chapter touches on important weaknesses in international law, particularly in relation to the sensitive issue of hot pursuit and the problems of seas where there are disputed or no clear maritime boundaries, truly grey-areas. It also raises significant regional examples of active cooperation, such as the joint maritime patrols by the littoral states of the Malacca and Singapore Straits which have helped to visit incidents of piracy. (Grundy-Warr, 111. ) The Royal Malaysian Navy has stepped up efforts to patrol the Straits, as has the Singaporean Navy. While the navies have reduced some acts of piracy and terrorism, the Straits under the Indonesian z one are largely unguarded due to lack of funds. The United States has offered assistance, but Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore have declined, preferring advice and equipment rather than actual presence, which they fear might anger their countrys inhabitants.Piracy and terrorism have been blended together to realize a rather extreme form of diabolical action. Terrorism is the present of global disorder in the coming decade and will need to be prevented in order to ensure a safer world. The war over installing a democracy in Iraq may not be the way to staunch the flow of terrorism, but a securitized Straits of Malacca could ensure the safety of people, trade and economic cooperation for years to come.