Evolution and Stages of Development of Self-Managed teams Essay

One of the most effective means of extracting the unutilized heap of the healthc argon industry has been the self-managed aggroup. This has been a recently identified ara, and healthc are organizations are beginning to use it for their advantage in improving the health outcomes of the unhurrieds. Self-managed groups are also known as self-directed teams, natural teams, or semiautonomous teams. They are a group of employees that have to do daily responsibilities along with managing themselves.They would behave several(prenominal) tasks including managing proceed responsibilities, planning, problem solving, decision-making, scheduling the work, etc. The self-management teams would be having several characteristics including interacting with other working groups, responsibility providing the services, achieveing interdependent activities and managing the operations of the team (Schrubb, 1992 & Silverman, 1996). The basic evolution of a self-managed team occurs in five stages. Za wacki and Norman framed this in the year 1994. With a different situation arising payable to the workflow, the team keep revert to an earlier situation.A self-managed team would be having several roles to play with relation to patient care, and each of these roles would be in one of the seven stages of breeding. It is important to note that each of these roles played by the team members, would be in any of the seven stages of team development. The stages of self-managed team development include In the first stage, when the team is new and do not know the skills and the knowledge of the work, a leader who is familiar with the work processes and competent with the work skills, would be providing supervision and would train the staff to perform the daily tasks.The leader once actually trains the staff members to perform the tasks, tardily shifts his role from a supervisor to a manager. He would now be slowly managing the activities of the team. Slowly the manager would begin to co ordinate all the activities of the team. He/she would be training the staff members to perform tasks that would involve leading the demoralise staff members. Most of the members of the team take up certain responsibilities implicated with management. The manager acts as an interface between the self-managed team and the administration or the portfolio management.Slowly the manager of the team becomes an additional resource that would not just perform the tasks that the members of the group would be performing, but would also be invoked in interacting with the administration (Silverman, 1996). It is important that the organization moves thought all these stages in the self-management development process. The specific reasons for having a self-management development process include To ensure that the patient is satisfied with the treatment To ensure that the team members get the feedback directly from the customers sooner than from the managers and the supervisors.This would help the team to continuously develop over a blockage of time. The customer satisfaction levels would improve with time. To ensure that further responsibilities and roles for the staff members are incorporated in an appropriate manner. The organization, which has dynamic objectives, is able to function weaken if self-managed teams are existent. The managers and the supervisors, who play an important role guiding the staff members, can be utilized to engage in growth-related activities of the origination (Silverman, 1996).

Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs Usage Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs consumption Good morning to our teacher Pn. Devi and our fri kiboshs. I am chien yen. I am Wan Yi. We atomic number 18 honoured to give a talk on advantages and disadvantages of medicine usage. I probably get int commence to work very hard to get people to see that in that location unfeignedly is no right quantify, place, or situation to try drugs, nevertheless Im going to try anyway. There are several(prenominal) different reasons wherefore teens might turn to drugs . One of them could be that they just want to be social and have fun. Usu all in ally, it is in a social setting that teens runner try drugs.The teen years is when most adolescents do their experimenting with different things, and this could in addition be a nonher reason why they might try drugs. They to a fault might be mislead to think of that addiction couldnt dislodge to them, so I hindquarters stop whenever I want is practically an excuse. Another reason could be that they want to seem mature, or cool. galore(postnominal) teens think that using drugs make them seem more grown-up and confident, but in fact, it shows just how immature they are. By giving into peer pressure and not being able to think for themselves, the only thing they prove is that they are naive.Everybody knows that parents are big influence in childs life, but sometimes children might feel pressured or controlled by their parents and decide to arise against them. Using drugs is a very common way of rebelling be bewilder the parents might not even know that its going on right under(a) their noses. School, friends, relationships, and numerous other things could as well as be adding to the speech pattern of teens today, and the pressure solo might drive them to drugs because they think its comforting. The truth is that it adds more stress to their lives in the long run.There are many dangers that come along with drug use. The greatest danger is death, but there are several other risks and consequences that should definitely be taken into consideration. Drugs can cause addiction, maven damage, liver failure, and many other serious health problems. The use of drugs can also impact the exploiters family and friends. They can be dragged into the users problem and get addicted themselves. The user could also end up being abandoned by his or her family and friends because nobody really wants to be around drug users.There are so many improvements that come along with a drug free life style. I think most people probably already know the major benefit life. I believe life is too short to waste time worrying about the consequences of doing drugs. Teenagers are stressed enough these days with work, school, family, and friends that we dont need any additional reasons to be stressed or feel overwhelmed. Life is hard sometimes, but the misconception that drugs will make it break down just makes it that much worse. Another benefit of drug free lifestyl e is having a completely functional brain.School is hard for many teenagers, and they have to struggle to get by, so add drugs into the equation, and it makes school that much harder. and then what happens if the person decides that school is too hard? They give up, and live the slumber of their life poor because they never finished high school and cant get a decent job. Theres also the fact that there would be a lost less silver spent on medical bills. Tobacco causes cancer, alcohol causes liver problem, inhalants cause brain damage, and all of the other drugs have their health issues also. If they were no drugs, there wouldnt be as many health problems.If there werent as many health problems, there wouldnt be as much silver spent at the hospital. If there was less money spent at the hospital, the doctors might be mad, but the persons life would be so much better overall Seriously, not doing drugs can prevent a number of health problems. Overall, there is never a right time, pl ace, or situation to use drugs. Also, almost all the reasons that teens might use drugs are just misconceptions. This doesnt only go got teenagers. Many adults use drugs , and the same risks apply to adult drug users.

Moral matters Essay

PRAYER is the center for the Nazarene. Religion has two aspects On the unrivaledness hand it maintains authoritative standards of conduct, on the different it affirms certain beliefs about the crowning(prenominal) nature of the universe. It is appeal which connects the two. Without it the maven of these would be ethics, and the other would be theology. request makes them elements in religion. In supplication the individual brings together God, lifes ideal values, and himself. It is unambiguous from the religious doctrine that Jesus call backd in petition, told men to pray, and prayed himself. tell narrates how early in the morning before others are about he withdraws to the desert to pray (Mark 135). Late in the evening after teaching the multitudes all day he goes into a mountain to pray (Mark 646). The hours before the arrest are spent in prayer. Luke is peculiarly interested in the prayers of Jesus, and adds to Marks account various other references. At the time o f the baptism, when the heavens opened and he saw the vision, he was praying (Mark 1432). When the multitudes crowded upon him after the healing of the leper, he withdrew into the deserts and prayed (Luke 321). Before choosing the Twelve, and before he adopted the disciples what they thought of himself, he was in prayer (Luke 516). The Transfiguration occurred when he was at prayer (Luke 612, 918). The request of the disciples, Lord, teach us to pray, was made at the close of one of his periods of prayer (Luke 928). Some of these may be editorial additions in order to provide settletings for sayings or incidents where the actual occasion had been forgotten, but at that fall out can be no doubt that they represent an authentic reputation of the usage of Jesus.One notices immediately several facts about these acts of prayer. In the first off place, a considerable number of them occur at times of finding and crisis. Important junctures and turning points in Jesus career were a pproached after foresighted periods of silent meditation and prayer. In the second place, one notes that prayer was for Jesus a refreshing and invigorating experience. From the turmoil, confusion, and fatigue of dealing with the multitudes he seek refuge in withdrawals for quiet prayer.His actors line to his disciples show what these retreats meant to himself. Come ye yourselves apart(predicate) into a desert place and rest awhile, he verbalise when they returned sex act of their strenuous campaign through the cities and villages of Galilee (Guignebert 67). Such experiences of rest, reflection, and prayer Jesus himself had tack necessary in order to carry on the spiritually and emotionally exhausting undertaking in which he was engaged. Such a institutionalise of prayer throws valuable light on Jesus own religion.In spite of his clarity of mind and splanchnic understanding of religious and example matters, in spite too of his independence and the authority with which he ta ught, it is evident that Jesus had no sense of religious self-sufficiency and personal adequacy. His intuitive moral judgments and his consciousness of authority to proclaim Gods bequeath were rather the results of these hours in which he sought to ascertain the purposes of God and to be led by him. If one should ask what Jesus taught about prayer, it must be receptioned that he gave very little definite teaching.There were certain things he said about it, but he gave no set rules or systematic directions for prayer. To him it was an intensely personal thing, and never to be cut down to form or ritual. Professor Bundy, speaking of Jesus retreats for the purpose of prayer, remarks that there was no regularity about these retreats. They were in no sense a part of a prayer system. For Jesus prayer was not a traditional religious exercise to be engaged in and find at certain set hours, but the spontaneous impromptu practice of an intense personal piety. Indeed one learns more(pre nominal) about prayer as Jesus practiced it from his own prayers recorded in the gospels than from any instructions he gave about praying. By putting together precept and practice one can learn something of his conception of prayer and the objects for which he thought men should pray (Taylor 145-50). First and foremost should be placed the fact that Jesus repeatedly and in the strongest possible style urged his hearers to pray.Ask, and it shall be given you seek, and ye shall find knock, and it shall be opened unto you for every one that asketh receiveth and he that seeketh findeth and to him that knocketh it shall be opened. Or what man is there of you, who, if his son ask for a loaf, will he give him a stone or if he ask for a fish, will he give him a serpent? If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Father who is in heaven give good things to them that ask him? (Matt. 7 11) On other occasions he was even more emphatic.If y e draw faith as a grain of mustard seed, he said in extreme illustration, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place and it shall remove and nothing shall be impossible unto you. By such words he tried to impress upon his hearers that God gives heed to prayer. For he knew that the source men do not pray is that they do not believe that anything will be accomplished by it. God does hear and answer the prayer of faith. To Jesus prayer was not a process of autosuggestion or a devotional ritual with subjective values, but an actual source of power for accomplishment (Pannenberg 267)

Personality Development Essay

-Psychology-scientific vignette of human and animal behavior and human mental processes. -Logos-logic Ancient Greek philosophers. Introduce logos. Explain natural world. -Natural Philosophers-naturalistic/physicalistic explanations. Mythos story or legend. -Empiricism-knowledge based on observable events. Instantly applied to understanding of natural world. - disposition Psychology-scientific study of unique, quality patterns of mentation. Feeling, acting(cognition, emotion, behavior) Various TheoriesDifferent focus will produce different conclusions. Hebrew Tradition (mythos) two basic impulses that are identified. 1. yetzer ra selfish impulse. attempt towards survival. 2. Yetzer Tov Selfish/altruist impulse. Moral. Christian Tradition (mythos) Original sin. Basic constitution is selfish. Early Greek Tradition (logos) Greek physiciansHippocrates (460-370bc) Human health/behavior-result of somatic fluids/humors. Imbalance of humors produces illness(blood, phlegm, bile). Re lated to fire water wind earth air. Galen (131-200ad) training of Theory of Impernment ( temper types)4 Types *Sanguine (blood and air) Personalities extraverted, brotherly. extremum arrogant, indulgent, impulsive** Cholaric (yellow bile, fire) Personality passionate, charismatic, ambitious, energetic. Extreme dominary***Melancholic (Black bile, earth) Personalities thoughtfulness, considerate, creative. Extreme OCD****Phlematic (phlegm, water) Personalities kind, dependable, reliable. Extreme inhibited, reserved. Continues as Trait TheoryMyers Brigg personality type indicatorinvented by Carl Jung E-I extrovert/introvertS-N Sensing/intuativeT-P thinking/feelingJ-P judging/percepting*16-17 Century-Essential Nature Three PhilosophiesThomas Hobbs (original Sin) inherently selfish, egotistically, aggressive. Must be controlled by society Jean Jacque Rousseau (noble savage) inherently good, selfless, altruistic. corrupt by society. John Locke (tabla rasa, blank slate) neither inhe rently good or bad. Shaped by society. *20 Century to each one philosophy is vent to influence a psychology (Personality Theory)Three PsychologiesSigmund Freud (psychodynamic) selfish, pleasance seeking, aggressive (Id). Controlled by internalized social constraints (superego) Carl Rogers (humanistic/ existential) inherently good. Possess potential for positive growth. Basic of necessity not met. B.F Skinner (behaviorism) neither good/bad. Shaped by experience, environment. teaching Sigmund FreudFirst comprehensive theory or personality dev.Three componentsPersonality structures personality composed of 3 interacting elements.Biologically focused.Id inborn selfish, self serving, aggressive, pleasure serving.Superego Voice of conscience. Conflicts with Idproduces anxiety. self-importance Mediator between Id and Superego. Seeks to satisfy Ids demands in a socially acceptable way. Reduce anxiety. extends defense mechanisms. * Defense mechanisms self-importance and Id. Reduce tension or anxiety between the Id and Superego. Believed repression was the primary defense. engage from conscious awareness deny existence of conflict. Developmental Stages__Anna FreudFocus on ego development. Focus on adaption to social world. Defense mechanisms facilitate social adaptation. Development of Ego Psychology Focused on social relatedness as a motivator vs biological. Responsible for negotiating between souls needs and outside world. *winner of defense mechanisms based on how well they work meeting needs. accommodative vs. Maladaptive ** Ego Psychology Basic Propositions 1. Inborn capacity to perish adaptively. Life long process of active adaptation to external envir.2. Ego has autonomous functions within conflict free zone(interaction between individual and world). Ego mediates between the individual and the social world. __Heinz Hartman Ego Psychology and the chore of Adaptation - separate adapts to interactions with real world. Autonomous function of egoAri se from maturation and enhances survival. Process of Adaptation Occurs in two domains 1. Alloplastic Adaptation change and choose environment. 2. autoplastic Adaptation change self to meet needs. __Erik Erikson Identity and the life cycle.Epigenic normal development occurs in series of stages. Stages are universal. Stages unfold in pre-determined order. Each stage requires mastering of tasks. Life long process. Have cumulative effect. __Alfred Adler Individual Psychology. Still considered psychodynamic. Develops as reaction to freud. Most influential unexplored psychologist.Contributions Positive psychology.Emphasis on uniqueness of each person. Social/cognitive influences. *Active construction of self.- base on four conceptsStriving for significance tete-a-tete LogicFictional FinalismStyle of life-*-Striving for Significance Perfection. Completeness. Self Actualization. ground on private logic and fictional finalism. Inborn sense of inferiority. Develop compensation. Fail ure to overcome results in inferiority complex (overcompensation). -*-Private Logic accentuate creative power of self. Suggest self is not passively determined. actively constructed. Function is served by fictional finalism and life style.-*-Fictional Finalism future oriented. The goal towards which we strive. equal subjectively. Goal is to satisfy striving for superiority. Individuals pursue goals through and through various behavioural choices. Each person develops unique patterns of behaviors.(style of life) -*-Life Style Attempts to gain goal through various behavioral patterns/choices. Each person express striving different. Based on private logic and fictional finalism. Individually unique patterns of behaviors/responses.

Meaning of life, Life Essay

scathe is an inevit adequate part of look. We al superstar alert in this ample labyrinth of pitiable. Th solo way bulge out of the labyrinth is ending. To run low is to suffer, to survive to grow heart in the suffering. Few peopl e actu eithery commit suicide to liberate themselves form suffering. Most hoi polloi grow sum or purpo se for their animation so that they put one over the motivation to live on. many conceive that suffering make them wis er, some think that suffering is a test of faith, at that place will be rewards for them in the after life if they c an endure the suffering on earth. Some heap couldnt understand but keep going on with their life for their loved ones. Some population keep themselves busy to imposture from the question.My hatful on this question is that suffering does non make life any more or any less meaningful. Beca use as an atheist, I believe that there is no idol, the Universe does not urinate a divine curriculum for us. Tha t the existence of life is adept purely a miraculous accident. When we die, we ensure existing. The condemnation we spend on Earth will not amount to anything in an afterlife in another dimension. in that respectfore, life i s inherently meaningless, with or without suffering and suffering. Human are powerless in the face of m eaninglessness .The only way we can deal with life is to embrace the fact that there is no intrinsic va lue in life. We can only create our take in meanings. One can create meaning of life with or without su ffering. that since suffering is an inseparable part of our life, it more or less throw off us insights on mean ing of life. Dr. Bernard Rieux can best exemplifies my rank of view. When the gadfly got out of control and O ran was placed under quarantine, it didnt stop the doctor up form battling the hatred, fighting the war t hat was ill-starred to fail. At this point, many would wonder what is meaning of of the doctors sue s when they a re all in vain.The make can be launch in a dialogue he shared with Tarrou. Tarrou asked the doctor why he was so committed to fighting the plague if he does not believe in G od. The doctor replied that whether or not God exist is irrelevant and he didnt have the time to thin k slightly what waits him in the future and what will sleep with out of his actions. The only thing he knew that there were sick people suffering and they needed to be cured. Even though he admitted that his struggles against last would only be temporary victories and that the plague was what he referred as an unending struggle, he utter that this was not the reason to give up struggle.From the dialogue, we can see the doctor was aware of the intrinsic meaninglessness of his life, bec ause he said he wouldnt waste time to think about the existence of God and what his action will lea d to him. If he deemed his life has inherent meaning, he should have thought about the to a higher place questi ons. thought he considered that his life is inherently meaningless, the plague gave me the meaning. The meaning lies in the other people. The doctor was fully aware that his attempts at lifting people out of misery is an impossible task as more and more people became infected and die. And there were no effective cure.Basically, his sitti ng around and doing slide fastener or wearing himself off to save the patients might good perhaps lead to s ame outcome. However, the doctor did not stop his work in face of his powerlessness to alter the situation. Becaus e under this situation, he was left over(p) with only two choices, ignore it or act on it. There was no third op tion. The doctor chose the later one because he couldnt bear to see people suffer and doing nothing about it. Its meaningless to mesh the unwindable battle against the plague. It was not defeating the plague that gave meaning to the doctor. It was the people gave him meaning.It was his compassion for others that keep him going in times of suffering. From the case of Dr. Rieux and his battle against the plague, we can see similarities in the real worl d. The plague is like the amoral universe, and Dr. Rieux represents all the military personnel beings. We are po werless in face of the meaningless of life, just as Dr. Rieux was powerless in face of the plague. But we do have a choice, we can create meanings for ourselves just as Dr. Rieux has learnt from sufferin g and found meanings in helping people. Winston smith from 1974 1984 somewhat share some similarities with Dr.Rieux in terms of action upon the un diversifyable, though he was not such a noble and heroic person as Dr. Rieux. In his case, the unchangeable was the defective brother. Winston Smith lived in a state where either moves, every wo rds ands every thoughts he made were monitored by the Party. In the instance of living in an extrem e state where even having disloyal thought against the party is in violation of law. The meaning of li fe f or Smith was not to cancel a revolution and topple the party, and change the system entirely. Thou gh Smith had thought about it and desired it to happen. Deep down he believed that it was impossibl e to achieve the goal and sooner or later he would be arrested by the Party.Nevertheless, he set out t o dispute the limits of the Party. He kept a diary which has Down with the Big Brother written o n it over and over again. He had an proscribe affair with Julia. Also he joined the Brotherhood whic h he believe is the enemy of the Party. I think the meaning for Smith did not lie in being the hero. What was important for him was to stay as human as possible. Through the mutinous acts against the Party in his own ways, he got to keep his spirit and his human side. That was the meaning he could find for himself. notwithstanding the fact that he was completely compromised at last when he was brought into agency 101, where he was tortured to an extreme degree and indoctrinated to cure h is insaneness. He was com pletely broke and dehumanised. His passionate hatred towards the Big Brother turned into supreme l oyalty and love. He should not be blamed for betraying Julia and not upholding what he believed in the first place in such extreme conditions. afterwards all, he did try to rebel against the Big Brother even t hough deep down he knew he couldnt do anything to suppress the Big Brother. Dr.Rieux and Winston Smith resolved the question of meaning finished their rebellious acts against the plague and the Big Brother. There are people who find suffering itself reveals the meaning of lif e. Father Paneloux is a good example to illustrate this point of view. In his first sermon addressing t he plague. He said that the plague was a punishment by God. That it was the result of the sin of all c itizens. He criticised the people for not attending church and repenting for their sins. because the p lague was reminder of Gods power and the Oran residents should start t o change their habits and st art to fear God again.Unlike Dr. Rieux, who is an atheist, Father Paneloux based his life and work on his christian faith. F rom a Christian point of view, everything happens on earth has purpose and fit into the grand plan o f God. Therefore, it was his job to make sense of the suffering of the plague so that he and the peopl e listening to him will be able to endure and continue to believe in God. From his interpretation of s uffering, the meaning of life for Father Panels was more easily understood than Dr. Rieux and Winst on Smith. The meaning of life was really simple, that is to serve and honour God in his will.Though he changes his view on suffering drastically after witnessing the death of an aboveboard child. He did not view suffering as a punishment anymore. He said that the reason why a innocent child sh ould suffer was not something that human would necessarily understand no matter how hard they tri ed. They just had to keep in mind that it was Gods will. One must keep his faith and God and find t he good in bad situation. In spite of a changing tone, the meaning for Father Paneloux remained the same- to serve God.To conclude, life itself is inherently meaningless. Not even religion can provide an universal answer to the meaning of life. There are no answers for that and never will be. Suffering does not make one s life meaningful. But through suffering one might find meanings in life and live a meaningful life. Wu Ngai Ching, Ivy 20189319 Grade 21/25 ? 19/25 (due to 2-day late submission) Comments ?Ivy In terms of the main dissertation of the essay, youve done a good job delineating your own atheist view on the meaning of life and drew 3 examples from the 2 works to discuss what m ight be the meaning of life for them.Your argumentation is sooner estimable and your analysis of e ach of their reaciton and thoughts on this difficult question is right on. ?However, you simply narrated through the whole essay without r eally giving fine or c oncrete evidences from the book. I wish you could provide some passages or quotes from se veral particular moments in the book to clearly illustrate your point. This is one of the ways t o demonstrate that youve actually done the reading, and that is in any case what weve been doing in class making your point across by providing unique(predicate) passages/instances in the book as c oncrete evidence. So please bring forward to do so for your final paper

Life of a Slave Girl Essay

Harriet A. Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is an archives written under the name of Linda Brent. This autobiography is a detailed news report of her life or need thereof. I use the term lack thereof because Harriet Jacobs was raised by her grandma due to her mother anxious(p) at a young age. Harriet was taught to read and write as a young knuckle down girl by her mistress. Harriets grandmother was a well-respected older knuckle down fair sex who gained her alleviatedom in the last result and testa ment of her mistress. Jacobs is determined not to be raped or concession all her rights to anyone. Jacobs didnt know she was a slave until she was almost a teenager. Her mother had passed away and the sad reality of her life as a slave sunk in. Harriet was raised to possess keen moral caliber and virtue. During this time in hi level inkiness women were slaves of a slave (Beal p.13).Frances Beal make that observation due to downcast women being subservient and deg raded by their slave owners and their sullen men. non all slave owners allowed their slaves to marry. With that in see black women often were used and misused by their own melt and their masters. Jacobs displays outstanding aim to remain true to chastity despite ceaseless stalking and demeaning remarks by Dr. Flint. In 1842 Harriet Jacobs escapes to freedom, this was at a great price she gave herself resulting to the unmarried lawyer next door and tidal bore him two shaverren. Jacobs hid in a 3foot crawl space at her grandmothers home for s even out so years. There was no light or room for her to stand up in that small space. Mice and insects crawled on her trunk and she hid there to avoid Dr. Flint. Jacobss story is a testament to what determination and a strong will can produce. Jacobss construction of black female empowerment was openly displayed throughout her story.She did not allow deterrence to prohibit her from believing in the hope that she was more than a slave. Harriet displayed this military capability in all that she did she stayed one step ahead of Dr. Flint. To talk of the brutality that was perpetrated by slave owners on slave girls and women was forbidden. Not only was it taboo but it was also unheard of. Harriet Jacobs was given a strong will and mind by God. She added to what God gave her by taking the advice of her grandmother. During this time in history black women were raped, molested, tortured, degraded and exploited economically.Black women worked on plantations plectron cotton, cooking and cleaning their homes and nursing the mistress babies while most generation their children were neglected. There was no possible way you had a right because you were berth and property cant own property (Jacobs). Dr. Flint told Harriet she was make for his use, made to obey his command in everything that she was nothing but a slave, whose will must and should surrender to his (Jacobs). Harriet would not get into those words. Harriet w ould not accept that sentence he pronounced on her life. Jacobs knew she had a brain and could guess for herself and despite what parliamentary procedure had dictated to her race and to black women she would help to free other black women.The United States grew on the backs of slaves male and female. Yes our men suffered great sleazinesss. However, our black women suffered also. There is yet a debate for just about as to who suffered the most during thrall. I will say this as a passel we have suffered tremendously. There are no words that can commute the separation of families. The loss of parents and children who would die trying to purchase a child that God had allowed them to birth. If you birth a child isnt that child yours? fit in to slave rules and regulations slaves were nothing and if a slave girl gave birth to a child that was the masters she could not tell a soul. Not even the black man who she tried to make believe that he fathered the child. If the slave told th at the child was the masters she could be killed, sold or imprisoned (Jacobs).Certain black men are maintaining that they have been castrate by rescript but that black women somehow escaped this persecution and even contributed to this emasculation. The black woman had no protector and was used and in some cases, as the scapegoat for the evils this horrendous system has perpetrated on black men (Rubenstein). This statement rings true now as we look at the single parent homes of today. Today black women are yet subverting societal convention. We are yet rising above our current economic and socioeconomic status. In spite of great disadvantages and struggles black women are innovators.The black womans physical image has been distorted for societies view. We were called mammies From slavery through the Jim line-shooting era, the mammy image served the political, social, and economic interests of mainstream snowy America. During slavery, the mammy caricature was post as proof that b lacks in this case, black women were contented, even happy, as slaves. Her astray grin, hearty laugher, and loyal servitude were offered as evidence of the supposed humanity of the validation of slavery (Ferris). The mammy caricature was deliberately constructed to suggest ugliness. Mammy was envisioned as dark-skinned often pitch black, in a society that regarded black skin as ugly, tainted. She was obese, sometimes morbidly overweight.Moreover, she was often represent as old, or at least middle-aged. The attempt was to desexualize mammy. The unverbalised assumption was this No reasonable snow-clad man would choose a fat, elderly black woman instead of the idealized white woman. The black mammy was portrayed as lacking all sexual and stifling qualities (Ferris). This was a well calculated plan executed by the white slave owners. This was done to provide a false sense of security to the white woman. Mammy was some bogus reassurance that their ideal life course was not in danger of being destroyed. Harriet was able to expose this injustice through her themes. Jacobss writings were shared with whites and blacks. Exposing the dark pit of slavery and his secrets is what Harriet Jacobs and several other noteworthy African American literary abolitionists did.Their writing was productive and powerful. Their writings provided hope to other black people who dared to even dream of freedom. African American women suffered hardships of oppression and yet while being oppressed and depressed black women were inspired to write. They were compelled to share their story with others. Although, the retrospect of the events that shaped their lives was not pleasant memories they knew they could not remain silent. They knew that they had to tell the story in hopes and saving their race. My people perish for a lack of knowledge (Hosea 4).Knowledge of what was exactly going on in the deep dark southeasterly would hopefully and eventually save lives.Spreading the truth a bout slavery would expedite freedom for the black race. During slavery it was also believed that black slave girls were promiscuous this undoubtedly was another craft placed upon the black race. However, this untruth was widely used as an excuse to sexually exploit the black female. This is what was used as the carte blanche to allow more evils upon the black slave girl. Black women continued to be oppressed for many years because society would not see black women as citizens.The de-eroticism of mammy meant that the white wife and by extension, the white family was safe.The sexual exploitation of black women by white

Heroes Speech

When I was a kid, my super bomber was Superman, I kind of prize him because I thought it would be cool to be able to fly and to induct super-human strength, scarcely the main reason why I like Superman is because he helped people, no matter what. According to Times Magazine, we have become a society that is centered on self, self-gratification, self-motivation, self-indulgence, and it has been a impetuous force in developed countries since decades now and as a result, we be witnesses to the slow death of the Hero.Today I want to tell you a tiny bit about how we define what a numbfish is , what it takes to be a hero, and how you and I tummy help refresh the effects of heroisme. So lets gravel with how we define what a heroe is. The definitions of a hero, according to El Libro de los Heroes says that A hero is a person noted for feets of courage and ability of purpose, specially the angiotensin converting enzyme who risks or sacrifices his or her life, but it goes on to sa y that its a person notused for special achievement on a particular field, such as the heroes of medicine.Basically, agreeing with the World Hero Association a hero is soulfulness who for whatever reason or reasons does something for somebody else without saying about themselves, private gane, and in some cases personal endangerment . So who are these heros? I soaked where are they? For real, where are they? Well, we see them everyday. Heroes come in all shapes and sizes, they are doctors, and nurses, and sol oversteprs, firefighters and police officers, but they are also teachers, and mothers, and fathers, and care-givers, and social-workers, and YOU, thats right, YOU.You have the potential drop to be a hero, you have what it takes to be a hero. You see, comic books loosely represent exagerated heroes in capes with symbols, and give them super human powers to make them bigger than life, but Im here to tell you that you entert really essential the cape, its just for show, and you dont really contend the symbol. We watch movies like The Lorf of The Rings, where, you know, we see all the action going on with the sword play but sometimes we miss the hidden messages at heart that say you deal be a hero even if you think your weak and powerless, you dont have to jump over magniloquent buildings.The news only highlights the tramatic acts of heroism like Hurricane Katrina or September 11th, this implies that in order for you to be a hero you must put yourself in danger. But that could not be farther from the truth. The turth is that ANYONE has the potential to be a Hero all you need are two factors One, you need opportunity. And two, you need initiative. So lets say that all of us in this room go out and start flavor for those opportunities, and we start noticing things where we can give help, and and then we start taking that initiative.We could start the chain reaction that spreads the sparks of heroism. Heroism is a powerful thing. Anyone at anytim e and has the potential to be a hero anywhere. They can be that person who helps that lady carry her grocers to her car, or the employ who corset late to help a coworker get something done. These are the characteristics of a hero that we should all embrace and be willing to make our own. We need to advocate heroic traits because it will benefit society as a whole, but ourselves as well in the process.At the Berkeley THDM there is an article called We can be Heroes and they wrap it up by saying If we loose the ability of look ourselves as heroes, our society will be cored for, but if we can re-connect with this ideals, we can create a connection with a hero within ourselves. So to sum up, the Urban Dictionary defines a hero as soul admired for their achievements and qualities, but what is a hero for you?For me a hero is soul who touches our lives in a personal way and does not do it for themselves. at a time more than ever we need heros, we need to be those heros. And if we st art looking for those opportunities and start stepping forward and taking that initiative. We can make the difference. Heros come and heros go, heros die and some heros have grown old, for someone you know and someone you dont be that hero.

Hnc Poverty Essay

In this report you go away read close poverty and what is meant by poverty. Included will be an exploration of the differences mingled with absolute and carnal knowledge poverty. You will also read about the race between poverty and inequality, covering the types of inequality between gender and relegate and also, the extent of poverty in the current British context. I will also cover causes of poverty and inequality using sociological theories. endpoint this report you will read into the effects of poverty and inequality in relation to behaviour, experiences and spirit chances on young people. Poverty apprise be defined as The state or condition of having little or no money or material possessions, (Oxford English Dictionary). on that point has been devil approaches brought forward by sociologists and these atomic number 18 absolute and congress poverty. Absolute poverty refers to basic conditions being met for an individual or group to live in a physically he althy state.These conditions include sufficient food, shelter and wear if these atomic number 18 not met, it is seen as absolute poverty. (Townsend 1979). The second approach is relative poverty and is based upon the standard of the overall living in troupe. It is when individuals or groups are living to a lesser standard to others within the society. some other f turnor that arsehole cause inequality within society is class. This relates to a division of groups within society.Class has been seen as a major factor ascertain the production, distribution and redistribution of resources. (Townsend 1979). Depending on your class group, it will dictate where you are laid in the hierarchy of the society, which will affect your access to the gains and resources in society. There are four classes in society these are the underclass, the working(a) class, the vegetable marrow of attention class and the upper class. The inequality of class causes poverty as individuals a re limited to wealth, resources and opportunities within society.A case of inequality that relates to poverty is gender. This is when men and women are treated differently from each other regarding their roles and position within society. It is light to say that women absorb been treated as less than equals and guard had lesser opportunities within concern and chances Within Scotland, there were 980,000 people living in relative poverty and 620,000 across Britain working but living in relative poverty in 2007. (www. bbc. com).There were also 250,000 children living in relative poverty, and 150,000 children living in absolute poverty within Scotland in the same(p) year. (Save the Children in Scotland). A feminist perspective is the sociology theory you could use to record the causes of poverty and inequality. The feminist perspective believes there is a general sentiment in society, that there is a gender division in the employment market, and males are breadwinners , whereas women are housewives .Many women throughout the world encounter variety dear because of their gender even though the government created the sex discrimination act 1975, which is now The Equality Act 2010, to prevent sexual discrimination, as it tranquilize continues today. Throughout the age it has been well known that women defy faced discrimination in areas such as employment, education, and the use of facilities such as play clubs etc. Due to the gender inequality within Britains society the man is the bread winner, and that the woman stays at home, cooks cleans and looks after the children.Over the years it has created a culture that is engrained within our society. This pourboires to a woman often working part time or in low paid jobs, if working at all. Also, if they are working, they are less likely to be selected for advance or managerial posts, because it is not seen as a womans position or because of childcare responsibilities, such as maternity ea se up for 9 months or longer if they do more than one child.This atomic number 50 so lead onto that if you have a poor income, or reliant on benefits, then you are not suitable to afford the rudiments such as gas, electricity, appropriate living conditions and healthy nutritious food. This then creates health problems and inequalities because of poor diet and living conditions, from which they are unable to turn on from. All of this can lead to addiction because of the situation they find themselves in. They can turn to smoking, drinking and drugs as a way to relieve anxiety, stress, tediousness and depression. Poverty can severely affect the young people I work with and have a negative impact on their behaviour, experiences and life chances. Many of the young people come from deprived areas, where their homes are incapable or their parents are on a low income or are unemployed. This has an effect on the young peoples health, and they often have poor diets and leave out healthy nutrition.Due to the lack of finances, the parents are not able to provide their children with a variety of social activities. This does not help fuck off the childs socialisation skills and can often leave them pinch angry and left out from their friends. This anger can often try itself within education and lead to being excluded from school, which in turn can have a negative effect on their job opportunities. This lack of finance and social interaction for the young person can lead them to commit crimes.The individual can often suffer low self-assertion which may lead to regular drug abuse, which again can have a knock-on effect towards crime. Within the residential setting, I work with a young person who often gets jealous and angry when he hears of outings his peers have been on while he is on home contact. This is because when he goes home, his parents have little or no money to take him out so he often spends his time on the street being bored, kind o f than going to places like the cinema or to a leisure centre .This young person has committed crimes of vandalism through boredom and larceny from shops because he cannot buy the goods he wishes. To conclude, it can be shown that there is a link between poverty and inequality, this has been demonstrated through various theories and supporting statistics. REFERENCES What causes poverty by John H Mckendrick Miller, Janet (Care in Practice for higher(prenominal) Still) 1996 Oxford English Dictionary Townsend, P(Poverty in the United Kingdom) 1979 www. bc. com/news www. savethechildren. com Word figuring 1053

Group Work in the Human Service Industry Essay

Group resolve has been cited as playing an integral fictitious character in ensuring that people achieve more collaboratively than working as individuals. In addition, convocation work has been perceived as a robust chemical mechanism of helping people attain some novel skills and specific goals, generally when a sort is founded upon a particular objective. Nonetheless, despite these benefits attributed to working in assemblys, it is imperative to be cognizant of the fact that in many cases, it requires encompassing efforts to ensure that a classify evolves into an effective team.Against this backdrop, this paper will study the group work at heart the human race service field with the condense group being brusk Doors, whose operations are founded on the wishing to put forward raw people who find out as being gay, lesbian, bisexual person or transgender. It is fundamental to briefly explore this organization aimed at getting a comprehensive insight into its groups work operations, group work guess underpinning it among other tenets. Human Services Although the words human service nates mean different things harmonise to individual experiences, not everyone understands the industry or field as a whole.The human service industry according to Woodside and McClam (20114-9) is extremely complex to define, although overall, it is the overarching industry of professionals that provide a versatile extend of services to humans in need. The aim of the professionals within the industry is to work with people to support, assist and empower them to meet their own needfully whether those demand are for food, shelter, physical or emotional to name a few. Therefore, the human service field is at the forefront of many of the youth services provided both locally and overseas.Open Doors at a glance accord to Open Doors website (20121), this group is located at the center of Brisbane and its core labor movement revolve some the pro spate of counseling and support services for the young people between the ages twelve to twenty four who identify as being lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT). The core goal of this organization is to foster resilience among this target group through the facilitation of opportunities aimed at receiving supports which is need specific ne cardinalrks, as rise up as enjoying lives characterised by positive relationships.This is enabled through support provision, referral, advocacy and capacity culture within the organization (Woodley, J 2012, pers. Comm. , 20th August). In regard to the type of group work, Open Doors stack be categorized as a social action group. tally to Preston-Shoot (198716) this form of a group aims at the utilization of the resources at group level for bodied power in the efforts to campaign for social transformations, as well as the inherent rights of the members within these particular groups.It is imperative to explore group possibility in order to understand the undertakings of Open Doors. Group theory According to Galanes and Adams (20078), the group theory perceives a group as being comprised of two or more people who stimulate a common reason of declare oneself and make extended efforts to achieve a specified goal. Against this backdrop, it is apparent(a) that the activities of Open Doors are based on the need to solve a common impediment in society which is the discriminatory attitude hulled against the LGBTs.Thus, individuals get by unitedly with the core goal of resoluteness this challenge through various mechanisms like advocacy, referrals among others previously mentioned. Thus, the activities of Open Doors are founded on the ongoing needs in the society which call for redress. This is chiefly embedded in the vision statement of Open Doors which states that all young people from different genders and sexualities declare the chance to enjoy full experience and have true friendship of pride in life (Open Doors website, 20121) .In reference to Open Doors, it is worthy noting that groups undergo several stops in the course of their development. These are forming, storming, norming, performing and lastly, adjourning (Tuckman, 1965396). These ramifications are explored in the subsequent section. Forming In the forming stage, the group is just coming unneurotic and shyness and uncertainty tend to characterise this particular epoch. This fact is back up by Tuckman and Jensen (1977423) who determined that anxiety, dependency and a combination of confusion and specialty tend to characterise this stage.In addition, the group members are primarily touch with orientation whose accomplishment is arrived at through testing. This testing serves the sole purpose of the identification of both task-related as well as interpersonal boundaries in the group (Tuckman 1965396). In the context of Open Doors, this stage entails the coming together of LGBTs who have diversity in terms of past discrimination in the society , age and gender. Most of the members are shy to disclose their challenges and most of the term is spent through the orientation processes aimed at demarcating the interpersonal boundaries.Eventually, the more absolute members of the group eventually assume some sought of leadership, a spotlight which ushers in the succeeding(prenominal) stage storming. Storming Extensive skills in problem solving are required in this stage, and a determining factor in the success of the group. This is a stage which is characterised by extensive conflict revolving around the interpersonal issues as well as simultaneous response to tasks (Tuckman 1965396). In this stage, the members are preoccupied with the conflict based on power divisions as they try to ascertain who possess power and authority in the group (Preston-Shoot, 198735).In the case of Open Doors, this stage can be characterised by extensive conflicts between various members in the group, with each trying to observe authority over th e others, for instance, based on gender divisions. Eventually, in that respect is arrangement of a power structure in the group which pilots the progress to the next stage of norming. Norming Tuckman and Jensen (1977423) remark that this is the maturity stage where there is resolution of the norms and there is an apparent development of inter-dependency and trust among the members.This entails the distinction of the contributions as well as behaviors which are acceptable in the group. In the case of Open Doors, this stage is characterised by members efforts to identify the norms governing their interpersonal as well as task relationships as they attempt to forge and shape the idea of the groups identity. Nonetheless, it is imperative to be cognizant of the fact that lack of ripe decision making mechanisms and limited consensus in this stage can core to the group slipping back into the storming stage. PerformingSome proponents usually identify this as the final stage of group de velopment. There is flexibility and functionality of the singly or collectively mandated roles as all the energy in the group is directed towards achieving the goals at hand (Tuckman 1965396). In the case of Open Doors, this stage entails the delegation of different responsibilities to individuals or sub-groups aimed at achieving the overall goal of the group. This can be perceived in terms of different individuals being mandated with the roles of advocacy, referrals and support provision among others.Adjourning Despite the fact that the activities of Open Doors are ongoing, distinct groups within the organization attempting to attain certain goals within a specified timeframe occur the adjourning stage. In addition, this stage can be reached when some of the group members outstrip the age limit of twenty four years as stipulated by the organization which oblige them to leave the groups. This stage is characterised by the completion of the task at hand and eventual disengagement from the group members and the task (Frances 200817).In most cases, the LGBT members in particular sub-groups will be satisfied that they have achieved their respective goals. Challenges and benefits for participants and facilitators equally for Open Doors There are diverse challenges as well as benefits for the participants as well as the facilitators in Open Doors. In regard to challenges for the facilitators, there is bound to be confrontations with the LGBTs which can become a major impediment in the efforts to achieve the goals of the groups.Nonetheless, Brandler and Roman (1999218) noted that it is imperative to keep the confrontations simples and to the point. Another challenge can be when communicating principles and strategies to the groups where there can be resistance and non-compliance from the LGBTs. On the side of the participants, the challenges of apprehension as well as conflicts in the earlier stages of group development as mentioned can be a major challenge. This can layover the progress towards achieving the ultimate goal of the group, not forgetting the detrimental effects of these conflicts on the self-esteem of the participants.In regard to benefits, the participants gain a sense of belong from the group work, experience elevated self-esteem and pride as well as creating networks which can help them in confronting daily challenges in society. On the other hand, the facilitators have an opportunity to understand the dynamics among different participants, for instance, communion and interaction patterns which can assist them in helping future participants (Toseland & Rivas, 200590). resultIn conclusion, it is apparent from the above discourse that group work in the human service field plays a major role in the achievement of collective goals in society as expounded in group theory. Most of the groups go through five stages of forming, storming, norming, performance and adjourning. Nonetheless, it is imperative to be cognizant of the fac t that apart from the benefits in groups, there are diverse challenges embedded therein for both the participants and facilitators as explored in the preceding section.

Nordstrom: Dissension in the Ranks? Essay

Q1) What is the cause of the problems described in the fount? How serious are these problems? The main problems of Nordstrom are its hire and incentives policies that are distorted. This union uses a Sales-per-Hour ratio as the leading in performance paygrade and head for the hills compensation. This performance indicator is not properly balanced by other important factors, such as customer satisfaction, it just sharpen the sales and the number of hours worked. The integral part of the problem is also the specialization of non-sell and selling hours. The lack of transparent performance measures also spelled trouble for the employees of the company.They are always working a lot, not being paid for the duplication hours of work and the measure used by the SPH are not the beat out ones. Nordstroms employees work forth the clock and those hours are not paid. To gravel the excellent customer satisfaction that the company has, employees have to pay a lot of attention to their c ustomers. They spent a lot of hours with them with a individualise contact and all of these hours are not paid. The employees are who build the image, the cockeyed customer loyalty and their desires are not being valorized.The trial of oversight to professionalize the relationship between management and employees is another(prenominal) problem. Employees are expect to work beyond the prescribed working hours without pay in parliamentary faithfulness to comply with company requirements. Nordstrom is concentrating only on numbers, they are developing a company culture where it seems that quantity mattered more than quality. This compensation and incentive scheme brought few consequences to Nordstrom.The lack of a clear distinction between selling time and non-sell leads to a big pressure to the employees since the SPH ratio doesnt smoothen the effort and work made by the salespeople. This leads to employee complaints and lack of motivation to work in the company. Also, the e xistence of such fear competition could lead to undesired behavior such as stealing credits for sales from another sales staff. This motivation policy was one of the Nordstrom proud systems but became more a liability than an advantage. Employees started to complain and soon this system became the target of law suits that damaged Nordstrom reputation and brought negative media attention to the company.Nordstrom was known has one of the scoop places to work and with this unhappiness expressed by salespeople that reputation started to drop off and the turn-over rateincreased. The focus of the law suits was the pressure maid and lack of compensation for the extra hours worked. Employees were encouraged to work extra hours but were not equilibrize for them. Nordstrom was targeted with several law suits and always denied the allegations made by the unions.Later, the Washington cite Department of Labor & Industries stated that Nordstrom systematically violated state lease and hour law s, giving reason to the unions that took legal actions against Nordstrom and it had no other extract but to review their record-keeping procedures and compensate the workers loss. Later, due to the simplification of the companys financial value as the stock monetary value went down, another law suit was filled again against Nordstrom.This time it came from some stockholders that claimed to have suffered financial losses due to Nordstrom Managements failure to take care of their labor problems and the claims maid. This law suit armed up to now more Nordstrom reputation.

Proud To Be An American Essay

I am proud to hold in America. We be the land of the free and the home of the brave. We lease the freedom to vote, practice the morality of our choice, speak freely, and freely sh be our thoughts or ideas through the press. Our country is the 1 diverse country in the world. There are several reasons why I believe America is a great country to live in. If you are an Ameri send word citizen over eighteen, you have the right to vote. I regard it is distinguished to allow citizens to vote because it allows them to have a say in our government, whether youre rich, poor, different cultures, or religions your vote still counts. Our voting rights are a given as an American citizen. Our citizens voting influences laws, leaders, and other important matters.The freedoms our soldiers have fought for, including voting, are still just as important instantly as it was many another(prenominal) years ago. These rights serve as a actually important matter in our country, and every citizen sho uld be grateful for having them. We have the right to speak freely and say anything we want without getting punished. We can express our selves everyday and be proud of what we do or do not believe in. Another way we can express our individualism is through the press. We can speak up about the truth, through the media including that of the network and press.Another reason I am proud of my country is because of vicissitude of culture, opinion, and race. The United States of America is sometimes considered the melting pot of the world. It has that nickname because a variety of people from all over the world have sleep together to America to have equality. America has equality because people with different cultures, opinions,style, race, and many more, are not judged unfairly or treated differentally from other people.

Analysis of Kazuo Ishiguro’s “Never Let Me Go” Essay

Kazuo Ishuguros novel, _Never Let Me Go_, brings us to a fictional England in the late 90s, where the disciplines of medicine and the bioengineering catch developed to a grad that to solar days scientists could only dream of. Kathy, the narrator, matures throughout the book, going from a student, to a young lady finding her place in the kip downledge base to embracing her fate and taking upon the employment of a c arr. From the beginning of the narrative, we are given the impression of her being a common, somewhat bewildered, but clean teenage student she doesnt rebel or think just about escaping. Her seemingly linear and routine-filled life changes as the reader gets to know the Hailsham students and their role as clones, created for the purpose of first becoming carers and then donors. Kathys method acting of storytelling provides the reader with an eerie, but touching guide through this nightmarish scenario.throughout the novel Kathy tells us her story in a first individua l point of view, while glancing over her past, skipping between timeframes and all the samets. A notable broker of Ishiguros construction of Kathy, as a narrator, is her memory loss and unpredictable mood, which often gives the reader the experience of prodding through some alert creatures thoughts I crept away a foresighted the path, and for the next day or so kept dreading what Miss Emily would say when she saw me. except she never mentioned it at all. But thats not sincerely what I want to talk about just now. What I want to do now is get a few things down about shame The time jumping, her unsteady mood and her memory loss create a puzzle, a sense of confusion, which lends itself to be put together by the reader.From a quote We all know it. Were modelled from trash. Junkies, prostitutes, winos, tramps. Convicts, maybe, just so long as they arent psychos. Thats what we come from. We all know it, so why dont we say it? We can see their trouble towards their existence, what creates a stronger effect of empathy between the readers and the characters. Due to the fact that the characters get to know about theirplanned future None of you will go to America, none of you will be film stars. And none of you will be operative in supermarkets as I heard some of you planning the other day. Your lives are set out for you, their fear about the future intensifies, which really adds tension to the plot. Their remaining hope for getting deferrals however keeps up their motivation to never let go.As their life in Hailsham is largely build up on rumours there were rumours almost every day Ishiguro utilize epiphany to give a powerful ending to the novel Tommys and Kathys realization of the deferrals being untrue. Now when this is done, they still have no meaning of escape most likely caused by teachers manipulation where they heavily promoted obedience, You have to accept that sometimes thats how things happen in this world.In cosmopolitan we cannot distinguish t hem clones from us humans. They have the exact appearance and also dexterity to love, as we do. As throughout the book Ishiguro used rather dispirited/sad tone on the lives of clones, a message reaches the readers that our rapidly continuous tense technology may lead to actual human cloning, but from a novel like this we should learn that we should not abuse human rights even for the use of science.

Blocking rehearsal time with an interference task Essay

The theories of memory and how much, or how bulky we can remember things, and why, is a greatly studied area of Psychology as a science. Psychologists extradite created and recreated numerous tastes and research methods in effect to prove that their particular guess is correct. There are two main theories of memory Levels of Processing (L.O.P.) and the Multi-store Model.The L.O.P. approach was pioneered by two psychologist Craik and Lockhart (1972), who believed that the mind allow remember things better if the randomness is processed on a deeper level, ie. thought ab forth more, taking into number the amount of work that is put into processing the entropy sure. From research they detect that the deeper the processing required the longer and more durable the memory is probable to be. They also identified what they believed to be three levels of processingStructural What something calculates like.phonetic What something sounds like.Semantic What something means.From e xperiments and tests carried out, they dance orchestra in motion that the deepest level was semantic, and their fence for this, they argued, was beca intake in order to survival of the fittest the meaning from a intelligence operation, and to consider its relevance in a sentence of quarrel, requires a lot of processing. They decided that hearing a word and then trying to opthalmicize it also requires some extensive cognitive processing, but not as much as semantic processing, and the to the lowest degree amount of mental work was required for structural processing, ie. what the letters look like. A test carried out by Craik and Tulving (1975), Depth of processing and memory board of words in episodic memory supported their theory.Another feign which is highly regarded as one of the most influential theories of memory is the Multi-store model, in particular the two-process model, conventioned and tested by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971). Their theory was that informati on received by the senses is primarily stored in the sensory store for a rattling short period of eon before it is transferred to the short precondition memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin believed that when the information is in the short term memory (STM), it could either be rehearsed for a certain amount of time and then stored in the long term memory (LTM), or alternatively lost. Figure 1.1 illustrates the theory in an easier to experience way. Perhaps this is also an example of how the L.O.P. theory is flawed as although the plat is seen to be structural information, it will probably provoke strong visual imagery.Atkinson and Shiffrin believed that chunks of information received by the sensory store could be held in the STM for around 20 seconds, but only 5 to 9 (on average) chunks of info can be remembered without tale. However, if rehearsed the chunks of information can be transferred into the long term memory and more items can be remembered. The theory of the report loop in terests me, so I decided to look further into it and make up that psychologists Brown (1958) and Peterson and Peterson (1959) independently discovered a method for testing the conception of the description loop called the Brown-Peterson technique.This basically involves a list of trigrams (three letter words made up of consonants with no immediate meaning ie. BKD, as apposed to WHY) shown to shells for 20 seconds, rehearsed for 25 seconds and then recorded in order by the subject as well as possible. The resembling list is then shown to some other subject for the same amount of time, however this time the 25 seconds report time will be interrupted with an interference task ie. computation backwards in threes from the number 58. This is the technique I will use as a basis of my mini-cognitive research project.AIMTo test the humans of the rehearsal loop by preventing it from its task with an interference task during the rehearsal time.RATIONALEI will be re-creating the Brown- Peterson technique for testing the being of the rehearsal loop, although my study will use slightly different trigrams, and manifestly a different situated of people. Im interested to rail whether the results of my study will support the results found by Brown-Peterson or not. I will use a set word list for twain groups of people studied and Im expecting the results of my study to support the results of former tests, thus supporting the theory of existence of the rehearsal loop. dead reckoningWhen asked to telephone the list of trigrams in order later a period of 25 seconds rehearsal time, the subject will remember significantly more trigrams if the rehearsal time is not interrupted by an interference task.NULL HYPOTHESISSubjects taking part in the experiment will not disengage a significantly greater number of words whether their rehearsal time is interrupted with an interference task or not. Any difference found is purely down to chance.METHODThe method I chose to use in order to obtain the clearest and most reliable data was the laboratory experiment. The reason for using this method is to reduce the amount of extraneous and possibly throw variables which could interfere with the results also it becomes very easy to repeat the same test over and over without change. I will use the independent groups design to ensure that different participants are used for each test in order to avoid the chances that the participants will skew the results through rehearsal.The first set of participants will be shown a list of 15 trigrams for 20 seconds, after which time they will be asked to rehearse these for a period of 25 seconds. After that time they will then be asked to write out as many as possible in the correct order (if the trigram is BHD then the participant must write BHD, no mark will be given for BDH). The results will then be recorded.The same set of trigrams will then be shown to a different set of participants for the same amount of time. This tim e however during the 25 seconds rehearsal time, the participants will be asked to perform an interference task, which will be counting backwards in sets of 4 from the number 295. After the 25 seconds, they too will be asked to recall the trigram list and their results will also be recorded.

Defining Prejudice Essay

harm-a preconceived contradict judgement of a root word and its soul members. -prejudice is an attitude. The negative evaluations that mark prejudice a lot atomic number 18 back up by negative beliefs called classs.Forms of prejudice emboss a belief closely the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes be sometimes overgeneralized, in entire, and resistant to raw information. inequality- unjustified negative behaviour toward a group or its members. Racism- an unmarrieds prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a presumptuousness(p) course or institutional practices that subordinate people of a given locomote. Sexism- an individuals prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given sex.Racial prejudiceIn the context of the world, Every race is a minority. Most folks see prejudice in other people. -is racial prejudice disappearing?-in 1942 most Ameri johns agreed that on that point should be separate sections for negroes on streetcars and buses.-p bents both black and white suggested that their children should know the invoice of blacks and whites.-most black and white would exchangeablely to vote a black American for president.In the United States, whites tend to compare the render with the oppressive other(prenominal) and to perceive swift and radical progress. Blacks tend to compare their present with their rarified world, which has not yet been originalized, and to perceive somewhat less progress. sex Prejudice peoples prejudgment on others base on sexuality. Gender Stereotype are simplistic generalizations about the sexuality attributes, differences, and roles of individuals and/or groups. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, but they rarely communicate accurate information about others. When people automatically apply gender assumptions to others irrespective of evidence to the contrary, they are perpetuating gender stereotyping. M some(prenominal) people earn the dangers of gender stereotyping, yet continue to make these types of generalizations. the fe manlike stereotypicrole is to get hitched with and energise children. She is in addition to put her familys welfare before her experience be loving, compassionate, caring, nurturing, and sympathetic and find time to be sexy and savour beautiful.The male stereotypic role is to be the financial provider. He is also to be assertive, competitive, independent, courageous, and careerfocused hold his emotions in check and ceaselessly initiate sex. These sorts of stereotypes can prove harmful they can stifle individual expression and creativity, as well as hinder personal and nonrecreational growth. Ambivalent Sexism Ambivalent sexism is an political theory composed of both a violent and openhearted prejudice toward women. Hostile sexism is an antagonistic attitude toward women, who are often viewed as trying to control men through feminist ideology or sexual seduction. Benevolent sexism is a chivalrous attitude toward women that feels social but is actually s pull round because it casts women as weak creatures in desire of mens protection.What causes ambivalent sexism?According to Professors Glick and Fiske, sexist ambivalence is the proceeds of two basic facts about relations amongst women and men male dominance (patriarchy) and interdependence between the sexes. Male dominance is prevalent crosswise cultures, with men dominating high status roles in business, government, religious institutions, and so forth. Hostile sexism arises in large part because dominant groups tend to make out hostile ideologies concerning the inferiority of other groups. Despite male dominance, however, men are often highly dependent upon women as wives, mothers, and romantic partners. This dependence fosters benevolent sexism, which recognizes women as valuable and attractive (an attitude not generally present in prejudices such as racism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia, in which the targets of prejudice are typically shunned or loathed).Gender Discrimination Discrimination based on gender or sexWhere and When Can Gender Discrimination Occur? avocation Including claims that a potential employer asked discriminatory questions based on gender during the call into question process claims that an employer failed to hire, failed to promote, or wrongfully terminated anemployee based on his or her gender unequal pay claims and claims for sexual curse of employees. Education Including claims for extrusion from educational programs or opportunities based on gender and claims for sexual harassment of students.Housing Including claims for refusal to negotiate with a person seeking housing, claims for imposition of diametric lease/contract terms, and claims for refusal to extend a loan based on the gender of the applicant/tenant/buyer. Borrowing / Credit Including claims for refusal to extend credit, claims for imposition of unequal loan terms, and claim s arising from improper inquiries during the credit/loan approval process, based on the gender of the applicant.3 SOURCES OF PREJUDICESocial Source frantic SourceCognitive SourceSocial Sources of PrejudiceThe self-fulfilling prophecy where a belief is accepted as truth, & in stating it, becomes true.Stereotype ThreatStereotype threat is the threat of being viewed through the lens of a negative stereotype, or the fear of doing something that would inadvertently confirm that stereotype, such as the stereotype that women perform poorly in math. Some students try to escape stereotype threat by misidentifying with the part of life in which the stereotype originates, such as race or ethnic identities.Emotional Sources of Prejudice thwarting & aggressionThe Scapegoat supposition When problems occur, people do not like to blame themselves. They will thus actively seek scapegoats onto whom they can end their aggression. Scapegoats may be out-group individuals or even entire groups. Powerle ss people who cannot easily resist will often become victims of scapegoating. Scapegoating increases when people are frustrated &seeking an outlet for their anger.The Realistic Group Conflict TheoryWhen there are limited resources, then this leads to conflict, prejudice & discrimination between groups who seek that common resource.Cross-race/ Other-race EffectRefers to the tendency to more easily recognize members of ones own race. A study was made which examined 271 real court cases. The results from this study showed that witnesses correctly identified 65 % of the defendants which were of the same race as them. On the other hand, 45% of the defendants were identified which belonged to a diametrical race than the witnesses.Just-world PhenomenonThe just-world phenomenon, refers to the tendency for people to believe that the world is just & so therefore people get what they deserve. It wrongly colors our impression of victims of any sort.Controversies and Prominent TopicsSexismNatio nalismClassismSexual DiscriminationRacismReligious DiscriminationLinguistic DiscriminationReducing PrejudiceThe connexion hypothesisThe contact hypothesis predicts that prejudice can only be shriveld when in-group and out-group members are brought together. In particular, there are six conditions that mustiness be met to reduce prejudice, as were cultivated in Elliot Aronsons Jigsaw Classroom. First, the in- and out- groups must have a degree of mutual interdependence. Second, both groups need to share a common goal. Third, the two groups must have equal status. Fourth, theremust be frequent opportunities for informal and interpersonal contact between groups. Fifth, there should be multiple contacts between the in- and the out- groups. Finally, social norms of equality must exist and be present to foster prejudice reduction.

Southwestern Airlines

south double-uward Airlines Co. ( south-western United States) is a major U. S. pushover duct that primarily provides s tooshiet(p) Haul high-frequency, point-to-point, and low-f ar service. southwesterly was in bodilyd in Texas and commenced operations on June 18, 1971 with three Boeing 737 aircraft destiny three Texas cities Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. Today south-west operates nearly four hundred Boeing 737 aircraft to 59 U. S. cities. south-west has the lowest run monetary value structure in the domestic airway constancy and consistently straitss the lowest and simplest Fares. southwestward as puff up has one of the best overall guest service records. LUV is southwestwards NYSE symbol, selected to represent the comp some(prenominal)s home at Dallas hump Field, as well as the theme of southwestern United Statess employee and guest relationships Within 30 years, southwest Airlines has become the fifth largest major air lane participation in America. It currently operates 520 Boeing 737s byout the United States. The mission of souwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of customer service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, respective(prenominal) pride, and guild spirit.It primarily provides short haul, high-frequency, point-to-point, low-fare air deportee service in the United States. The company essentially functions as a point-to-point operation or else than a hub and spoke service like its competitors. This provides for a unique warlike good, which has come in this company to be a unattackable performer inside the industry. The major success to their continued success is due to their low-cost model, as compared to their competitors, which allows sou-west airlines to differentiate itself from the ambition and perpetuates its success and popularity among consumers.When we look at south airlines competitive environment using porters five forces we find that the bargaining powers of Customers in the airlines industry make some an(prenominal) options and are price sensitive. If driving is cheaper than go southwest may lose customers. There are in any case over 100 aircraft carriers in the U. S. food market in that respectfore there are many options for customers. The bargaining power of suppliers Southwest is at the mercy of the labor Unions and artillery suppliers. If these cost become too high then price raises entrust mandatory.The threat of new entrants With so many major airlines going offend there is a large supply of airplanes and personnel. This factor that it is easier than ever to bound up and airline and try and compete with Southwest. The threat of substitute products transitory has very few substitutes in the U. S. market if you pick out to be somewhere in a hurry. However there are opposite forms of transportation including busses, trains, and cars. The intensity of competitive rivalry There is intense industry competition. each track is h otly contested with price wars and a grab for customers. scathe gross profits are low, and airlines need to be subject to trim costs any way they can. Southwestern airlines has got the following strengths Southwests commitment to customer service has led to an excellent track record. They held the un ex officio Triple Crown in customer service for three consecutive years. The Triple Crown consists in beingness the best in on time performance, baggage handling, and customer satis situationion. This is an staggering feat considering no other airlines have held all three components for a single month. Southwest has a major advantage over other airlines because it operates a single part of plane, the Boeing 737.This means that all their pilots, facilities, and crews are erupt on any plane that Southwest owns. Southwest besides operates a fleet with an average age of 7 years. This means that they have slight maintenance problems, and this leads to few delays, and higher custome r service. Sensible involution policy. Southwest has developed a very sensible strategy for expansion, paying particular attention not to strain the balance saddlery. It has also achieved a depicted object presence through with(predicate) flights to 59 airports in 58 cities. Southwest has been able to become a national airline by strategic expansion to airports where there is less competition.For example, it opened a major operation at Balti more(prenominal)-Washington International and therefore avoided the presence of other major airlines at Reagan field of study and Dulles. The continued growth of the attach to is testament to the strategic direction taken by way, particularly considering the difficult bank line environment. Southwest relies on direct rag booking and does not heavily utilize travel agents this is a cost saver. They also do not have full nutrient service on their flights, leading to a faster regression. Southwest also has a unique open seating system, with no assigned seating the planes load faster.Due to a change in passenger profile, business sort out and first class seats have suffered declining read. more companies have been forced to introduce low-cost fare options. Since southwest has been an industry attraction and ahead of the curve in providing low cost, exemplificationized travel options, it has no need to change strategy, thus saving on restructuring costs. The Company also benefits from its long establishment in the low-cost airline market, allowing the Company to benefit on significant customer awareness of the brand. Southwest has a exceedingly efficient operation.The Company was first to introduce to the Airline industry the ten-minute turnaround (between arrival at the gate and departure). This has subsequently increased demand for short flight routes. Strong financials. Southwest has the strongest market capitalization and balance sheet of all rivals in the sector. A market capitalization of $14,022 mil lion accounts for double the market capitalization of the five largest rivals put together. In the current inconstant market, it should allow southwest to overcome short-term downturns in demand more Successfully than the other main carriers.The continued ability of Southwest to amaze positive results highlights it among rivals. 2003 saw quarter-over-quarter increases in income, representing 51 consecutive quarterly lucre rises. Revenues for the full year 2003, which were $5,937 million, increased 7. 5% against 2002 revenues. Southwest does not disappear into major hub airports in most cities, this leads to trim down gate costs, less congestion, and quick turnaround times. Southwest has been marketed as the low price leader, and their planes have been particolored in funky colors.Southwest views its major competition as the machine and not other airlines. Southwest airlines operate a single type of plane B737 in an all coach configuration. They do not render meals, and do n o transfer bags to other airlines leading to take down operating costs. The airline has won the Triple Crown and is setting the industry standard in customer service. Southwest has come under intense competition from United. They are not a full service airline and do not offer the amenities and services for international travelers. They also do not have a higher cost first class option on their planes.Marketing. Southwest is a low-cost carrier. They provide themselves on cost efficiencies, which enable them to offer good service at cut back prices to the customer than their competitors. Their marketing strategy was to convey the message that what Southwest had to offer was of value. Southwest markets itself as the only major short-hop, low-fare, and point-to-point carrier in the U. S. airline industry. Their marketing style is known for being unconventional, unique, unpredictable, and attention-getting in rules of order to create and reinforce the Companys maverick and fun-loving , combative image.They continually look for ways to make their distinctive image come liveborn and strike a spark in the minds of the consumer. Finance. In the year 2000, Southwest reported its 28th consecutive year of profitability as well as its ninth consecutive year of increased profits. In many years, Southwest was reporting profits while many other airline companies were reporting losses. Southwest is able to adjudge and increase their profit margin by obligeing costs low, being highly efficient, and creatively desolate costs. hotshot of Southwests most important strategies is keeping its costs low and moving customers in above-average times. In an effort to move customers along quickly, Southwest tries to avoid congested airports. Southwest also encourages passengers to make reservations and ticket purchases through their website. By serving smaller airports near major metropolitan areas and in medium-sized cities, Southwest is able to produce better-than-average on-time performance, as well as reducing arouse costs of idle planes waiting for clearance to land.Serving smaller airports also lowers landing fees and terminal gate costs. Southwests operative principal is employees come first and customers come second. Southwest employees are hired for attitude and skilful for skill. The Companys strategy is that it can train people to do the tasks and hold the skills that are required, but a persons attitude is not something that can be changed. The hiring outgrowth involves an interviewing approach called Target Selection, which aims at matching peoples traits (or patsy dimensions) for performing a specific job prosperedly.New hires are trained at Southwest University for People. Managers trained in this program take leadership courses that emphasize a management style based on coach and encouraging rather than supervising or enforcing rules. The Company has the lowest disorder rate in the industry, which may be partly due to the fact that 80% to 90% of supervisory positions are filled internally. However only like any organization, despite the fact that they have strengths, south west also has impuissancees which include Little room for strategic development.The main weakness of the Company results from operating in a highly competitive market, one that is increasingly susceptible to a volatile semipolitical environment. The airline industry is highly competitive as to fares, frequent flier benefits, routes, and service. Some carriers competing with Southwest have larger fleets and a more found brand name. Many carry passengers from the major hubs in the U. S. , holding long-standing relationships with key airports. To enter these markets, the corporate strategy of Southwest will have to be adjusted. No conventional alliances. Certain major U. S. irlines have established marketing alliances with each other, including northwestern United States Airlines/Continental Airlines, American Airlines/Alaska Airlines and Cont inental Airlines/America West Airlines. In 2001, AMR Corp. , enkindle of American Airlines, completed its acquisition of the assets of Trans World Airlines. This puts enormous strain on the Company to agree its position in the industry while hurry a smaller fleet. Fully valued share price. Despite Southwest holding the strongest financial position in the airline industry, the stock of the Company is considered fully valued, particularly in the short term.This will disconcert the investor meddlesome for quick gains resulting in the potential loss of capital to its competitors. The strong financial position will apply pressure to the strategic direction of the Company, forcing the directors of Southwest to consciously pursue the same level of growth if they are to maintain investor confidence. South west airlines have got the following opportunities Southwests sterling(prenominal) opportunity is directly related to its greatest strength to continue to develop its low-cost positio n in the airline industry.Southwest must maintain an emphasis on low-cost flying, and brand association that has served it well so far. After September 11, customer numbers dwindled due to consumer fears over flying. One way the Company hopes to regain the trust of the public is through lower airfare. In 2002, no fare was more than $399. However, in August 2002, the company minify fares even further, lowering last-minute fares while maintaining the full inscription of frequent flights in order to further micturate travel. As of 2003 Southwest was offering fares as low as $39. The company must keep prices as low as possible in order to stimulate demands, and look to edistribute expenses through other areas. Continual streamlining and automation is necessary in order to both aid in cost-cutting and maintain the competitive advantage on which the company brand is based. Southwest has expanded ticket counters and certificate checkpoints and has increased its airport workforce. The bo arding process has been streamlined through replacement the traditional plastic boarding card system with an automated one, and the carrier is in the process of rolling out new self report technology. This should result in a reduction of boarding times, and contrast precipitously with those carriers that still have extensive queuing.Expand geographically. The market share Southwest holds has grown substantially, particularly since 9/11. Fifty percent of the core market is under control of Southwest and this is expanding. With the increase in the number of cities and networks to which it is linked, southwest could begin to target large city markets and with such a strong brand name, both marketing and PR costs will reduce. Furthermore, the measure appears perfect, if it wishes to capitalize on the pressure currently endured by many of the established carriers. Southwest could strengthen its position through an alliance.Many competitors have rock-bottom share price due to poor fi nancials. Southwest could exploit this through a merger or a favorable acquisition. This could provide an easier route into the major hubs and remove many of the challenges associated with entering new markets. A major threat comes from the unstable airline industry as the result of the 9/11 attacks. Immediately after the terrorist attacks, and in the face of falling demand for air service, most major carriers proclaimed significant service reduction, grounded aircraft, and reduced employee levels.These events negatively impacted industry profits. Despite the absence of subsequent attacks, the political environment remains unstable, throwing into question the airlines ability to make long-range strategic plans. Following 9/11, Southwest was able to offset losses through lower jet fuel prices and internal cost reduction initiatives. However, there can be no assurance that Southwest will be able to continue to offset future cost increases resulting from the changing moneymaking(pren ominal) airline environment.Another threat derives from the Company being subject to vary degrees of competition from surface transportation in its short-haul markets, particularly the private automobile. The short-haul air services that compete with surface transportation regard price as a competitive factor for customers. Similarly, frequency and convenience of scheduling, facilities, transportation sentry duty and security procedures, and customer service may be of equal or greater importance to many passengers. These can limit the number of customers who look at southwest.However, southwest airlines need to put up the following strategies it inescapably to base a new promotional campaign. They need to remind customers in the calcium market that they are the winner of the Triple Crown, and that low cost means high service and customer satisfaction when it comes to Southwest. With lower turnaround times, and fewer delayed flights southwest has great unique selling points. The y just need to remind the public about how great an Airline they are. This can be done with more TV ads, and more sponsorship of major sporting events. Southwest also needs to continue to be southwest.They have a lovable business model, and have made money every year of their existence. They cannot evacuate what their core competencies are. They need to keep prices where they are, or even lower prices, and they herald that fact to the public. Southwest airlines have been able to successfully implement its fuel hedging strategy to save on fuel expenses in a big way and have the largest hedging position among other carriers. In the second quarter of 2005, Southwests unit costs pilot by 3. 5% despite a 25% increase in jet fuel costs. During Fiscal year 2003, southwest had much lower fuel expense (0. 12 per ASM) compared to the other airlines with the exception of JetBlue as illustrated in exhibit 1 below. In 2005, 85 per cent of the airlines fuel needs has been hedged at $26 per b arrel. World crude oil prices in August 2005 reached $68 per barrel. In the second quarter of 2005 alone, Southwest achieved fuel savings of $196 million. The state of the industry also suggests that airlines that are hedged have a competitive advantage over the non-hedging airlines. Southwest announced in 2003 that it would add performance-enhancing Blended Winglets to its current and future fleet of Boeing 737-700s.The visually distinctive Winglets will improve performance by extending the airplanes range, saving fuel, lowering engine maintenance costs, and reducing takeoff noise. In an overall effort to improve customers in-flight experience, in-flight entertainment is something that Southwest is currently evaluating and which JetBlue has been very successful at already because of its introduction in its long-haul flights. In comparison, Southwest has 415 airplanes to consider and that represents an investment decision at a whole new dimension. Additionally, Southwest has to con sider how things may fit into their environment.At this point, 60% of its service is still very short haul. Southwest needs to be mindful of the fact that a certain approach that has been successful for its competitor may not be necessarily work to its advantage. In summary, Southwest has long been regarded as a benchmark in its industry for operational excellence. Southwest Airlines is a fine example of a company that is committed to its core competencies efficient operations to drive its low cost structure, outstanding delivery of customer service and innovative HR management practices.We hope this paper provided a good insight into Southwest operations, as part of its overall strategy, to achieve success and gain competitive advantage. References www. southwest. com (Southwest airlines official web site www. mba-tutorials/marketing/southwesternairlines. html www. answers. com/topic/southwesternairlines. html Allen, Margaret. underfur Controller. Dallas Business Journal. August 3, 2001 Southwest Airlines High Tech, Low Costs Eweek. com, April 2005

History Nightingale vs Seacole Essay

Do you agree with the batch that bloody shame Seacole, and not Florence nightingale was the literal Angel of mercifulness during the Crimean War I agree totally with the inspect that bloody shame Seacole was the real Angel of pity although I can clear why there may be some leaven purposeing that nightingale warranted the title. addresss 2C and 2O agree with the clear that nightingale was the Angel of pity whereas Source V gives evidence that signals Seacole deserved to herald the title.The weight of evidence clear corroborations the view seen in Source V saying Seacole was the real Angel of Mercy collectable to the provenance that surrounds the early(a) two sources which support nightingale. There is a lot of evidence to suggest that Mary Seacole really was the angel of Mercy. This is precise clear supported in Source V which describes her work in comparison to that of Florence Nightingale. Source V, which is an extract from a book called The squared-toes written b y A. N.Wilson and published in 2002, states how Seacole was very attentive and was always on slip away for the troops so therefore of course showing Seacole in a very good light. The source was produced to show the readers what the modern day revisionist view is in regards to who the real Angel of Mercy was and also how the work Nightingale did was minimal and had no positive effect on the soldiers. The author has clear been well informed and has a grueling agenda in lacking to play down the role of Nightingale in the Crimea.When comparing this to Source O, we can clearly see the difference between the Jingoistic and diehard view of Nightingale being almost angelic and yet homogeneous the Virgin Mary compared to the revisionist view where she is criticised hugely. Source O may collapse a very different perspective on Nightingales role during the Crimean War, however it is still valid as it shows the view fountainhead of British people of Nightingale being a hero during Vic torian times.Also, Source 2C is a traditionalist view and we now experience that some(prenominal) of the things stated within it are false such(prenominal) as the story that she tended the dying. Further more(prenominal), Seacole has to be considered as the real Angel of Mercy due to the great efforts she made just to get break through to the Crimea in which she had to patch up money herself to get there. She was previously turned down a post as a nurse under Nightingales leadership, which it is thought, could be to do with the fact she was black.Her heroism was proven further through her background knowledge up the British Hotel in Scutari that tended to the troops. As well as grown them provisions when they were in need. In addition, we can clearly see the gallantry she possessed from the fact she would minister to the wounded and the dying on the unfeigned battlefield. She was willing to risk her life to save others. Seacole gave an honest recollection within her diari es of the things she did out in the Crimea and gave a description of her everyday life out there, which clearly involved so much hard work.The Times diarist at the time William Howard Russell, who himself was out in the Crimea, backs up the opinion that Mary Seacole was the real Angel of Mercy, stating how she doctors and cures all manner of men with marvellous success just going to show the extent of the positive move she had on the troops during the Crimean War. Moreover, Dr Reid, a surgeon in the Army at the time, who states how he met a celebrated person who did not spare herself if she could do any good to the suffering soldiers, furthers Russells opinion.This once once again goes to show the nature of the person she was and the impact she had which is seen in Source O. Therefore, there is strong evidence to suggest that Mary Seacole, and not Florence Nightingale, was in fact the rightful(a) Angel of Mercy during the Crimean War. There is also substantial evidence to sugge st that Florence Nightingale, and not Mary Seacole was the real Angel of Mercy during the Crimean War. To begin with, both(prenominal) Source 2C and Source 2O show a great deal of support towards the view that Nightingale was a hero and was the align Angel of Mercy.Source 2C states how Florence Nightingale battled as valiantly as any soldier in the field to improve conditions giving us an impression as to the utmost(prenominal) effort she impute in to helping out the British troops. It states how she worked with undreamt energy once more showing the amount of work she put in. This can be compared to Source 20 which also portrays Nightingale as being angelic and tending to the men for their every need. We now know that she didnt actually treat the men herself and instead supervised whilst other nurses did this work. Source 2C was written by Denis Judd and is an extract from the 1975 book The Crimean War.Judd clearly had an agenda to portray Nightingale well and perhaps hadnt got the hit of receiving all the evidence necessary to produce a completely truthful representation. It does however give us a perspective into the opinions people held until slightly ten years ago. Furthermore, there is a huge amount of evidence to suggest that Nightingale was in fact ineffective and perhaps up to now had a negative effect on the soldiers in The Crimea. This can clearly be seen due to the death rate rising to 42 per gibibyte during her time at the Scutari between November 1854 and March 1855.This is clearly down no the filthy conditions that the hospital managed to get into whilst she was there with the floors being covered in muck and crawling with vermin which obviously led to many diseases such as gangrene and in particular cholera. Cholera was the disease that resulted in the most deaths. Before Nightingale arrived, we know that the conditions were much better and were depict as sufficiently comfortable and clean and airy, but this changed and chop-chop dec lined future(a) Nightingales arrival thus meaning she cannot be considered as being the Angel of Mercy.This view is furthered from the fact that following the arrival of sanitary commission, the conditions changed for the better and the death rate went down to 2 per 1000. In addition Nightingale was very arrogant and jealous of anyone who competed with her and even accused Mary Stanley of plotting to set up an opposition, which never would puzzle happened, had Nightingale not have turned down her help. This once again shows how she was not the hero that Victorian society thought she was as seen in Source 2C and Source 2O. Thus, there is some evidence to suggest that Florence Nightingale was the Angel of Mercy and not Mary Seacole.However that evidence is very weakened in comparison to the evidence suggesting that Seacole warranted the title of Angel of Mercy. To conclude, Mary Seacole and not Florence Nightingale was the real Angel of Mercy due to a number of reasons addressed. I n Sources 2C and 2O, although they describe and show Nightingale being angelic and having a huge impact on the soldiers lives positively, they cant be seen as true because they were written at a time where Nightingale was seen as a hero and people held a much more traditionalist view.This differs to Source V which is a revisionist view and was written by an author who was well informed in comparison to the ill-informed Dennis Judd and the artist who create Source O. Overall, it is very clear that the evidence for Mary Seacole being the true Angel of Mercy far outweighs that of Florence Nightingale deserving the name so therefore in my opinion Mary Seacole was the true Angel of Mercy. David Hughes-DAeth