Personality Development Essay

-Psychology-scientific vignette of human and animal behavior and human mental processes. -Logos-logic Ancient Greek philosophers. Introduce logos. Explain natural world. -Natural Philosophers-naturalistic/physicalistic explanations. Mythos story or legend. -Empiricism-knowledge based on observable events. Instantly applied to understanding of natural world. - disposition Psychology-scientific study of unique, quality patterns of mentation. Feeling, acting(cognition, emotion, behavior) Various TheoriesDifferent focus will produce different conclusions. Hebrew Tradition (mythos) two basic impulses that are identified. 1. yetzer ra selfish impulse. attempt towards survival. 2. Yetzer Tov Selfish/altruist impulse. Moral. Christian Tradition (mythos) Original sin. Basic constitution is selfish. Early Greek Tradition (logos) Greek physiciansHippocrates (460-370bc) Human health/behavior-result of somatic fluids/humors. Imbalance of humors produces illness(blood, phlegm, bile). Re lated to fire water wind earth air. Galen (131-200ad) training of Theory of Impernment ( temper types)4 Types *Sanguine (blood and air) Personalities extraverted, brotherly. extremum arrogant, indulgent, impulsive** Cholaric (yellow bile, fire) Personality passionate, charismatic, ambitious, energetic. Extreme dominary***Melancholic (Black bile, earth) Personalities thoughtfulness, considerate, creative. Extreme OCD****Phlematic (phlegm, water) Personalities kind, dependable, reliable. Extreme inhibited, reserved. Continues as Trait TheoryMyers Brigg personality type indicatorinvented by Carl Jung E-I extrovert/introvertS-N Sensing/intuativeT-P thinking/feelingJ-P judging/percepting*16-17 Century-Essential Nature Three PhilosophiesThomas Hobbs (original Sin) inherently selfish, egotistically, aggressive. Must be controlled by society Jean Jacque Rousseau (noble savage) inherently good, selfless, altruistic. corrupt by society. John Locke (tabla rasa, blank slate) neither inhe rently good or bad. Shaped by society. *20 Century to each one philosophy is vent to influence a psychology (Personality Theory)Three PsychologiesSigmund Freud (psychodynamic) selfish, pleasance seeking, aggressive (Id). Controlled by internalized social constraints (superego) Carl Rogers (humanistic/ existential) inherently good. Possess potential for positive growth. Basic of necessity not met. B.F Skinner (behaviorism) neither good/bad. Shaped by experience, environment. teaching Sigmund FreudFirst comprehensive theory or personality dev.Three componentsPersonality structures personality composed of 3 interacting elements.Biologically focused.Id inborn selfish, self serving, aggressive, pleasure serving.Superego Voice of conscience. Conflicts with Idproduces anxiety. self-importance Mediator between Id and Superego. Seeks to satisfy Ids demands in a socially acceptable way. Reduce anxiety. extends defense mechanisms. * Defense mechanisms self-importance and Id. Reduce tension or anxiety between the Id and Superego. Believed repression was the primary defense. engage from conscious awareness deny existence of conflict. Developmental Stages__Anna FreudFocus on ego development. Focus on adaption to social world. Defense mechanisms facilitate social adaptation. Development of Ego Psychology Focused on social relatedness as a motivator vs biological. Responsible for negotiating between souls needs and outside world. *winner of defense mechanisms based on how well they work meeting needs. accommodative vs. Maladaptive ** Ego Psychology Basic Propositions 1. Inborn capacity to perish adaptively. Life long process of active adaptation to external envir.2. Ego has autonomous functions within conflict free zone(interaction between individual and world). Ego mediates between the individual and the social world. __Heinz Hartman Ego Psychology and the chore of Adaptation - separate adapts to interactions with real world. Autonomous function of egoAri se from maturation and enhances survival. Process of Adaptation Occurs in two domains 1. Alloplastic Adaptation change and choose environment. 2. autoplastic Adaptation change self to meet needs. __Erik Erikson Identity and the life cycle.Epigenic normal development occurs in series of stages. Stages are universal. Stages unfold in pre-determined order. Each stage requires mastering of tasks. Life long process. Have cumulative effect. __Alfred Adler Individual Psychology. Still considered psychodynamic. Develops as reaction to freud. Most influential unexplored psychologist.Contributions Positive psychology.Emphasis on uniqueness of each person. Social/cognitive influences. *Active construction of self.- base on four conceptsStriving for significance tete-a-tete LogicFictional FinalismStyle of life-*-Striving for Significance Perfection. Completeness. Self Actualization. ground on private logic and fictional finalism. Inborn sense of inferiority. Develop compensation. Fail ure to overcome results in inferiority complex (overcompensation). -*-Private Logic accentuate creative power of self. Suggest self is not passively determined. actively constructed. Function is served by fictional finalism and life style.-*-Fictional Finalism future oriented. The goal towards which we strive. equal subjectively. Goal is to satisfy striving for superiority. Individuals pursue goals through and through various behavioural choices. Each person develops unique patterns of behaviors.(style of life) -*-Life Style Attempts to gain goal through various behavioral patterns/choices. Each person express striving different. Based on private logic and fictional finalism. Individually unique patterns of behaviors/responses.