Counselling Theories Essay

1.Explain the concept of nature versus upbringing, using yourself as a case learning to illustrate the theory.The concept of nature versus nurture is that charitable behaviour is influenced by genetic information hereditary from our parents and also by environmental and brotherly influences. My appearance such(prenominal) as short sightedness and pigmentation (freckles) I inherited from my parents. This means like my father I must wear glasses to drive and many other aspects of my daily animation. Being a charwoman this heightens my social awareness as how others perceive me. Society dictates the body pulchritudinous. Magazines, Bill-boards, TV and newspapers constantly suggest the need to have a meliorate complexion. This influences how I perceive myself and makes me receive I must wear authorship to cover up such blemishes to appear more acceptable and feel good about myself. Thus this influences my behaviour in everyday life as I feel my appearance determines my accept ance by others.2.Identify unity effectivity and unity weakness of the nature versus nurture concept in copulation to savvy forgiving schooling and singular behaviour. One power of the nature versus nurture concept in relation to understanding benevolent evolution and individual behaviour is the ability to explain addiction to smoking, drunkenness and narcotics. Children see their family and friends behaviour as socially acceptable and so bring out these behaviours with little question. This often leads to entrenched social behaviour. This suggests that our early experiences can scratch our perspective later in adulthood.One weakness of the nature versus nurture concept in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that if some stars behaviour is solely determined by their genes then to what extent are people in control of their lives. For representative people suffering from ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) have the same caste of genes bu t depending on their family, social or cultural upbringing whitethorn respond distinctly to the same situation.3.Describe Freuds concept of the self-importance, id and superego. Explain how the ego,id and superego interact. drop an practice session from your profess experience.Id Describes the biological or instinctive response. This is our original genius we are born with and controls responses in the early st come along of life.Ego In this second developmental stage, compromises in instinctive responses to environmental circumstances drive to develop. The ego mediates with the id by considering the rules of the square world and the results of actions taken in that world.Superego This is that cut off of our psyche that determines how we think we should react in a given situation. This is the development of morals, what is right and what is wrong. It is a further development of control over the id response. An example from my own experience is say when I see a fade of c ake on display. My id tells me I want to eat the piece of cake, my ego says are you really that hungry. My superego rationalises the situation and asks if I eat the cake unnecessarily, a come-at-able consequence is I will put on weighting and so is this the right thing to do? 4.Identify one strength and one weakness of Freuds concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour.One advantage of Freuds concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that it gives a good overall description of development of the human psyche. It recognises the development of nature and physical development stages. It demonstrates the interplay or lack of between these different aspects of the mental process and how different outcomes can occur as a consequence of this balance. One weakness of Sigmund Freuds concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human devel opment and individual behaviour is that non each whitethorn be equally well developed. This mix of psyche occurs at different rates for each individual. This can lead to social consequences where individuals will be treated differently causing a hindrance in the next development of the ego and superego.5. Describe Jean Piagets four stages of cognitive development and provide an example from your own experience to illustrate the theory.sensorimotor (Birth 18 months) During this period the baby begins torecognise the world just about them and so develops refined eye movement, depth vision, and later as they begin to research further learn to crawl and then walk. They start to use plain language mum, dad and other single word responses. Preoperational (18 months to 6 long time) Here the child increases their vocabulary and recognise some simple symbols and how to deal with certain basic situations. They can understand those near to them and begin to reason the world around them . Concrete operational (6 to 12 years) At this mastermind language skills increase but are still tied to the real world. The ability to reason increases in seeking to understand the world around them.Formal operational (12 years and over) About this point the child begins to search abstract or hypothetical situations. There is an attempt to organise thoughts and situations into a logical ordering. From my own experience while I cannot remember the outset two stages but I have seen them in my childrens maturation up. At the age of 12 my daughter started to explore cooking for herself at first making cakes and more complicated meals. She started to ask such questions regarding operating instructions on packet mixes before progressing to more complicated cooking such as a bacon, tomato and onion omelette. More recently she has started to explore more complex issues and why people do what they do.6.Identify one strength and one weakness of Piagets stages of cognitive development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour.Piagets stages of cognitive development demonstrate an important connection between physical development and disposition stages. A criticism levelled at Piaget however was that he used his own children and others from a well educated and high socio-economic background. This selection is thus not fully representative of all society. Further children from different environment and cultural backgrounds may mature differently. Thus the age classification of the different stages may be much wider with some children developing at an earlier age and some later.7.List Eriksons eight psychosocial stages of development. Which stage do you see yourself in and why?(1)Oral sensory (0 1 year)(2)Muscular anal (2 3 years)(3)Locomotor-genital (3 5 years)(4)Latency (6 years puberty)(5)Adolescence (12 18 years)(6)Early adulthood (18 35 years)(7)Middle adulthood (35 60 years)(8)Mature adult (60+ years)Im at stage 7 according to Eriksons psychosocial stages of development. I am 40 years old, I have a family, a career and have organized as much as is possible my future life which now includes further education.8.Identify one strength and one weakness of Eriksons stages of development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour.A strength of Eriksons stages of development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that it places great stress in the nature versus nurture debate for the need for both(prenominal) concepts. Further this description is placed across an entire lifespan of a human being. A criticism, however, is that this theory describes the developmental process rather than explaining it.